A new polyphysacean alga from the Miocene of Romania and its biomineralization
Polyphysacean algal fertile caps from the Sarmatian near Suceava (NE Romania) are here described as a new species, Acetabularia moldavica, ascribed to the extant genus Acetabularia due to the presence of both inferior and superior coronae. Gametangia are preserved and closely packed within the gamet...
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Institute of Paleobiology PAS
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |
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| Online Access: | http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app64/app005372018.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819031147780243456 |
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| author | Filippo Barattolo Viorel Ionesi Paul Ţibuleac |
| author_facet | Filippo Barattolo Viorel Ionesi Paul Ţibuleac |
| author_sort | Filippo Barattolo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polyphysacean algal fertile caps from the Sarmatian near Suceava (NE Romania) are here described as a new species, Acetabularia moldavica, ascribed to the extant genus Acetabularia due to the presence of both inferior and superior coronae. Gametangia are preserved and closely packed within the gametophore. The gametangium wall is strongly mineralized and SEM observations show acicular aragonite crystals arranged perpendicularly to the wall surface. The occurrence of mineralized cyst walls distinguishes the new species from the other three species ascribed to the genus Acetabularia, namely Acetabularia miocaenica, Acetabularia chiavonica, and Acetabularia transylvana. Cyst wall biomineralization in A. moldavica sp. nov., Chalmasia, and Halicoryne appears to assist in distinguishing taxa at species level but not at genus level. Four types of intracellular biomineralization can be recognized in polyphysaceans according to the mineralization of cyst walls and intergametangial spaces. The attribution of an extant species to a fossil genus and vice-versa can be problematic when the fossil consists of a mineralized spicule (intracellular biomineralization). Two contrasting examples are Acetabularia schenckii (extant species) assigned to the genus Acicularia (fossil), and Halicoryne morelleti (fossil species) referred to an extant genus (Halicoryne). When it is unclear whether fossil taxa possessed one or two coronae, the attribution of Cenozoic species to an extant genus appears speculative. Therefore, we support the view that the genus Acicularia should only be applied to fossil species. In addition, mineralized aggregates of cysts of Halicoryne morelleti should be distinguished from their possible extant counterparts (Chalmasia, Halicoryne, and Acetabularia) when coronal structures are not preserved. In the literature Halicoryne morelleti has been compared with the fossil genera Sedalanella and Ioanella. The first genus must be considered a junior synonym of Oroseina. A new interpretation of the genus Ioanella is supplied. The two layers of cysts of Ioanella conform poorly with the small ellipsoidal calcareous bodies of Halicoryne morelleti. Therefore, we propose the new genus Patruliuspora for Halicoryne morelleti. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T06:41:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-203c971ea3e640a68328329b4f02462f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0567-7920 1732-2421 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T06:41:26Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
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| series | Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |
| spelling | doaj.art-203c971ea3e640a68328329b4f02462f2022-12-21T19:12:40ZengInstitute of Paleobiology PASActa Palaeontologica Polonica0567-79201732-24212019-03-016418510010.4202/app.00537.2018A new polyphysacean alga from the Miocene of Romania and its biomineralizationFilippo Barattolo0Viorel Ionesi1Paul Ţibuleac2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, via Cintia 21-80126 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Geology, University Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Bulevardul Carol I, 20 A, 700505 Iaşi, RomaniaDepartment of Geology, University Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Bulevardul Carol I, 20 A, 700505 Iaşi, RomaniaPolyphysacean algal fertile caps from the Sarmatian near Suceava (NE Romania) are here described as a new species, Acetabularia moldavica, ascribed to the extant genus Acetabularia due to the presence of both inferior and superior coronae. Gametangia are preserved and closely packed within the gametophore. The gametangium wall is strongly mineralized and SEM observations show acicular aragonite crystals arranged perpendicularly to the wall surface. The occurrence of mineralized cyst walls distinguishes the new species from the other three species ascribed to the genus Acetabularia, namely Acetabularia miocaenica, Acetabularia chiavonica, and Acetabularia transylvana. Cyst wall biomineralization in A. moldavica sp. nov., Chalmasia, and Halicoryne appears to assist in distinguishing taxa at species level but not at genus level. Four types of intracellular biomineralization can be recognized in polyphysaceans according to the mineralization of cyst walls and intergametangial spaces. The attribution of an extant species to a fossil genus and vice-versa can be problematic when the fossil consists of a mineralized spicule (intracellular biomineralization). Two contrasting examples are Acetabularia schenckii (extant species) assigned to the genus Acicularia (fossil), and Halicoryne morelleti (fossil species) referred to an extant genus (Halicoryne). When it is unclear whether fossil taxa possessed one or two coronae, the attribution of Cenozoic species to an extant genus appears speculative. Therefore, we support the view that the genus Acicularia should only be applied to fossil species. In addition, mineralized aggregates of cysts of Halicoryne morelleti should be distinguished from their possible extant counterparts (Chalmasia, Halicoryne, and Acetabularia) when coronal structures are not preserved. In the literature Halicoryne morelleti has been compared with the fossil genera Sedalanella and Ioanella. The first genus must be considered a junior synonym of Oroseina. A new interpretation of the genus Ioanella is supplied. The two layers of cysts of Ioanella conform poorly with the small ellipsoidal calcareous bodies of Halicoryne morelleti. Therefore, we propose the new genus Patruliuspora for Halicoryne morelleti.http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app64/app005372018.pdfDasycladalesPolyphysaceaebiomineralizationMioceneSarmatianRomania |
| spellingShingle | Filippo Barattolo Viorel Ionesi Paul Ţibuleac A new polyphysacean alga from the Miocene of Romania and its biomineralization Acta Palaeontologica Polonica Dasycladales Polyphysaceae biomineralization Miocene Sarmatian Romania |
| title | A new polyphysacean alga from the Miocene of Romania and its biomineralization |
| title_full | A new polyphysacean alga from the Miocene of Romania and its biomineralization |
| title_fullStr | A new polyphysacean alga from the Miocene of Romania and its biomineralization |
| title_full_unstemmed | A new polyphysacean alga from the Miocene of Romania and its biomineralization |
| title_short | A new polyphysacean alga from the Miocene of Romania and its biomineralization |
| title_sort | new polyphysacean alga from the miocene of romania and its biomineralization |
| topic | Dasycladales Polyphysaceae biomineralization Miocene Sarmatian Romania |
| url | http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app64/app005372018.pdf |
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