Phytochemical Evaluation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Various Extracts from Leaves and Stems of Bryophyllum pinnatum
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different extracts (methanol and ethyl acetate) of leaf and stem of Bryophyllum pinnatum were studied. The screening for the secondary metabolites was carried out using the standard methods. The antioxidant capacities of the different extracts were assesse...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Biotechnology Society of Nepal
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Nepal Journal of Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NJB/article/view/30206 |
| _version_ | 1818240954050543616 |
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| author | Imaobong E. Daniel Ekemini I. Akpan Edidiong C. Utam |
| author_facet | Imaobong E. Daniel Ekemini I. Akpan Edidiong C. Utam |
| author_sort | Imaobong E. Daniel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different extracts (methanol and ethyl acetate) of leaf and stem of Bryophyllum pinnatum were studied. The screening for the secondary metabolites was carried out using the standard methods. The antioxidant capacities of the different extracts were assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) while the antimicrobial activity of the extracts obtained were screened against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) using Agar well diffusion method. Both extracts obtained from leaf and stem of B. pinnatum contained most of the phytochemical compounds tested for. However, anthocyanins and anthraquinone were not detected in leaf extracts while coumarin was absent in stem extracts. Quantification of bioactive compounds showed that both extracts contained the highest concentration of polyphenols (34.49 ±0.47 mg GAE/g and 32.32 ±1.2 mg GAE/g for methanol leaf and stem extracts respectively) while the least concentration was recorded for alkaloids (0.03±0.02 mg/g for methanol stem extract). Results revealed that the extracts showed dose-dependent scavenging of DPPH as well as the ability of the extracts to reduce FeCl3 solution, with methanol extracts exhibiting the highest scavenging and reducing capacity. However the leaves of B. pinnatum had greater antioxidant activity than the stem by DPPH and ferric reducing assays, with IC50 values ranging from 3.147μg/ml to 3.80μg/ml for DPPH and 331.9 - 451 μg/ml for FRAP assays. The antimicrobial activity of various solvent extracts of leaf and stem reveal that microorganisms exhibited different sensitivities towards these extracts in a dose-dependent manner. Methanol leaf extract showed no activity against E. coli while P. aeruginosa was insensitive to ethyl acetate leaf extract. For stem extracts, A. niger, V. cholerae and P. aeruginosa were resistant to methanol extract while A. niger, Salmonella spp. and P. aeruginosa was resistant towards ethyl acetate stem extract. The results obtained in this study showed that B. pinnatum is a reservoir of bioactive compounds and both extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T13:21:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2045bf7a11114100b9409ef09facbe4d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2091-1130 2467-9313 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T13:21:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Biotechnology Society of Nepal |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nepal Journal of Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-2045bf7a11114100b9409ef09facbe4d2022-12-22T00:23:17ZengBiotechnology Society of NepalNepal Journal of Biotechnology2091-11302467-93132020-07-0181172810.3126/njb.v8i1.30206Phytochemical Evaluation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Various Extracts from Leaves and Stems of Bryophyllum pinnatumImaobong E. Daniel0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-901XEkemini I. Akpan1Edidiong C. Utam2University of Uyo, PMB 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, NigeriaUniversity of Uyo, PMB 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, NigeriaUniversity of Uyo, PMB 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, NigeriaAntioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different extracts (methanol and ethyl acetate) of leaf and stem of Bryophyllum pinnatum were studied. The screening for the secondary metabolites was carried out using the standard methods. The antioxidant capacities of the different extracts were assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) while the antimicrobial activity of the extracts obtained were screened against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) using Agar well diffusion method. Both extracts obtained from leaf and stem of B. pinnatum contained most of the phytochemical compounds tested for. However, anthocyanins and anthraquinone were not detected in leaf extracts while coumarin was absent in stem extracts. Quantification of bioactive compounds showed that both extracts contained the highest concentration of polyphenols (34.49 ±0.47 mg GAE/g and 32.32 ±1.2 mg GAE/g for methanol leaf and stem extracts respectively) while the least concentration was recorded for alkaloids (0.03±0.02 mg/g for methanol stem extract). Results revealed that the extracts showed dose-dependent scavenging of DPPH as well as the ability of the extracts to reduce FeCl3 solution, with methanol extracts exhibiting the highest scavenging and reducing capacity. However the leaves of B. pinnatum had greater antioxidant activity than the stem by DPPH and ferric reducing assays, with IC50 values ranging from 3.147μg/ml to 3.80μg/ml for DPPH and 331.9 - 451 μg/ml for FRAP assays. The antimicrobial activity of various solvent extracts of leaf and stem reveal that microorganisms exhibited different sensitivities towards these extracts in a dose-dependent manner. Methanol leaf extract showed no activity against E. coli while P. aeruginosa was insensitive to ethyl acetate leaf extract. For stem extracts, A. niger, V. cholerae and P. aeruginosa were resistant to methanol extract while A. niger, Salmonella spp. and P. aeruginosa was resistant towards ethyl acetate stem extract. The results obtained in this study showed that B. pinnatum is a reservoir of bioactive compounds and both extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NJB/article/view/30206bryophyllum pinnatumantioxidant activityagar well diffusionaspergillus nigerpolyphenolsferric reducing power assay |
| spellingShingle | Imaobong E. Daniel Ekemini I. Akpan Edidiong C. Utam Phytochemical Evaluation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Various Extracts from Leaves and Stems of Bryophyllum pinnatum Nepal Journal of Biotechnology bryophyllum pinnatum antioxidant activity agar well diffusion aspergillus niger polyphenols ferric reducing power assay |
| title | Phytochemical Evaluation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Various Extracts from Leaves and Stems of Bryophyllum pinnatum |
| title_full | Phytochemical Evaluation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Various Extracts from Leaves and Stems of Bryophyllum pinnatum |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical Evaluation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Various Extracts from Leaves and Stems of Bryophyllum pinnatum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical Evaluation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Various Extracts from Leaves and Stems of Bryophyllum pinnatum |
| title_short | Phytochemical Evaluation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Various Extracts from Leaves and Stems of Bryophyllum pinnatum |
| title_sort | phytochemical evaluation antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of various extracts from leaves and stems of bryophyllum pinnatum |
| topic | bryophyllum pinnatum antioxidant activity agar well diffusion aspergillus niger polyphenols ferric reducing power assay |
| url | https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NJB/article/view/30206 |
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