First Evidence of CpGV Resistance of Codling Moth in the USA
Codling moth (<i>Cydia pomonella</i> L.) is a very important pest in apple, pear, and walnut orchards worldwide, including the USA. Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is used to control codling moth in organic and conventional production. Due to increasing codling moth infestations from...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/6/533 |
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| author | Jiangbin Fan Johannes A. Jehle Ann Rucker Anne L. Nielsen |
| author_facet | Jiangbin Fan Johannes A. Jehle Ann Rucker Anne L. Nielsen |
| author_sort | Jiangbin Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Codling moth (<i>Cydia pomonella</i> L.) is a very important pest in apple, pear, and walnut orchards worldwide, including the USA. Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is used to control codling moth in organic and conventional production. Due to increasing codling moth infestations from organic apple orchards in Washington State, USA, five codling moth colonies (WA1-WA5) were screened for their susceptibility relative to the isolate GV-0001, the main active ingredient of Cyd-X<sup>®</sup>, using a discriminating concentration of 6 × 10<sup>4</sup> OB/mL. Compared to a susceptible laboratory colony, the observed results indicated that GV-0001 lacked efficacy against codling moth colony WA3. It was confirmed that WA3 was the first case of codling moth resistance to CpGV in the USA. Further testing of WA3 was performed on a range of CpGV isolates and a lack of efficacy was observed against additional isolates. However, three newly developed CpGV preparations can efficiently infect larvae from the resistant colony WA3. Our results suggest that there is an urgent need to monitor the situation in the USA, aiming to prevent the emergence or spread of additional codling moth populations with CpGV resistance. Strategies to sustain the efficacy of codling moth control using novel CpGV formulations need to be developed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:29:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-205b5197de09456b99fff23677d5e5e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:29:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-205b5197de09456b99fff23677d5e5e42023-11-23T17:11:21ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-06-0113653310.3390/insects13060533First Evidence of CpGV Resistance of Codling Moth in the USAJiangbin Fan0Johannes A. Jehle1Ann Rucker2Anne L. Nielsen3Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaInstitute for Biological Control, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)–Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 69221 Dossenheim, GermanyDepartment of Entomology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Bridgeton, NJ 08302, USADepartment of Entomology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Bridgeton, NJ 08302, USACodling moth (<i>Cydia pomonella</i> L.) is a very important pest in apple, pear, and walnut orchards worldwide, including the USA. Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is used to control codling moth in organic and conventional production. Due to increasing codling moth infestations from organic apple orchards in Washington State, USA, five codling moth colonies (WA1-WA5) were screened for their susceptibility relative to the isolate GV-0001, the main active ingredient of Cyd-X<sup>®</sup>, using a discriminating concentration of 6 × 10<sup>4</sup> OB/mL. Compared to a susceptible laboratory colony, the observed results indicated that GV-0001 lacked efficacy against codling moth colony WA3. It was confirmed that WA3 was the first case of codling moth resistance to CpGV in the USA. Further testing of WA3 was performed on a range of CpGV isolates and a lack of efficacy was observed against additional isolates. However, three newly developed CpGV preparations can efficiently infect larvae from the resistant colony WA3. Our results suggest that there is an urgent need to monitor the situation in the USA, aiming to prevent the emergence or spread of additional codling moth populations with CpGV resistance. Strategies to sustain the efficacy of codling moth control using novel CpGV formulations need to be developed.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/6/533resistance testingdiscriminating concentrationinsectTortricidaebaculovirusrearing |
| spellingShingle | Jiangbin Fan Johannes A. Jehle Ann Rucker Anne L. Nielsen First Evidence of CpGV Resistance of Codling Moth in the USA Insects resistance testing discriminating concentration insect Tortricidae baculovirus rearing |
| title | First Evidence of CpGV Resistance of Codling Moth in the USA |
| title_full | First Evidence of CpGV Resistance of Codling Moth in the USA |
| title_fullStr | First Evidence of CpGV Resistance of Codling Moth in the USA |
| title_full_unstemmed | First Evidence of CpGV Resistance of Codling Moth in the USA |
| title_short | First Evidence of CpGV Resistance of Codling Moth in the USA |
| title_sort | first evidence of cpgv resistance of codling moth in the usa |
| topic | resistance testing discriminating concentration insect Tortricidae baculovirus rearing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/6/533 |
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