High insecticide resistances levels in Anopheles gambiaes s.l. in northern Uganda and its relevance for future malaria control
Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to determine the level of insecticide resistance and diversity in Anopheles mosquitoes in northern Uganda. Standard WHO insecticide susceptibility test assays were used to test for susceptibility to 0.5% malathion, 0.1% bendiocarb, 0.05% deltamethrin and 0...
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BMC
2020-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Research Notes |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13104-020-05193-0 |
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| author | Richard Echodu Julius Iga William Samuel Oyet Paul Mireji Juliet Anena David Onanyang Tereza Iwiru Julius Julian Lutwama Elizabeth Auma Opiyo |
| author_facet | Richard Echodu Julius Iga William Samuel Oyet Paul Mireji Juliet Anena David Onanyang Tereza Iwiru Julius Julian Lutwama Elizabeth Auma Opiyo |
| author_sort | Richard Echodu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to determine the level of insecticide resistance and diversity in Anopheles mosquitoes in northern Uganda. Standard WHO insecticide susceptibility test assays were used to test for susceptibility to 0.5% malathion, 0.1% bendiocarb, 0.05% deltamethrin and 0.75% permethrin on 3–5 day old generation one progeny. We also screened for species diversity and knockdown resistance using PCR assay. Results Anopheles gambiae s.s. is the predominant malaria vector in northern Uganda followed by An. arabiensis. An. gambiae s.s. was susceptible to malathion and bendiocarb with the observed mortality rate of 100% and 98–100% observed respectively while very high resistance was observed with deltamethrin and permethrin. Minimal KDR-eastern variant homozygous forms of 8.3% in An. gambiae s.s. were detected in Oyam district. In conclusion, this study confirms that An. gambiae s.s. females are susceptible to malathion and bendiocarb while high intensity of resistance was observed with deltamethrin and permethrin in the same area. Use of carbamate and organophosphate insecticides bendiocarb and malathion for indoor residual spraying activities in northern Uganda is highly recommended since high levels of pyrethroids resistance (deltamethrin and permethrin) was detected in the area. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:52:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20675e268f2c4a8bb8654a17c533e827 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-0500 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:52:20Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Research Notes |
| spelling | doaj.art-20675e268f2c4a8bb8654a17c533e8272022-12-22T02:21:43ZengBMCBMC Research Notes1756-05002020-07-011311610.1186/s13104-020-05193-0High insecticide resistances levels in Anopheles gambiaes s.l. in northern Uganda and its relevance for future malaria controlRichard Echodu0Julius Iga1William Samuel Oyet2Paul Mireji3Juliet Anena4David Onanyang5Tereza Iwiru6Julius Julian Lutwama7Elizabeth Auma Opiyo8Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu UniversityDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu UniversityDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Research Institute-Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationGulu University Biosciences Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu UniversityGulu University Biosciences Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Arbovirology, Uganda Virus Research InstituteDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu UniversityAbstract Objective The aim of the study was to determine the level of insecticide resistance and diversity in Anopheles mosquitoes in northern Uganda. Standard WHO insecticide susceptibility test assays were used to test for susceptibility to 0.5% malathion, 0.1% bendiocarb, 0.05% deltamethrin and 0.75% permethrin on 3–5 day old generation one progeny. We also screened for species diversity and knockdown resistance using PCR assay. Results Anopheles gambiae s.s. is the predominant malaria vector in northern Uganda followed by An. arabiensis. An. gambiae s.s. was susceptible to malathion and bendiocarb with the observed mortality rate of 100% and 98–100% observed respectively while very high resistance was observed with deltamethrin and permethrin. Minimal KDR-eastern variant homozygous forms of 8.3% in An. gambiae s.s. were detected in Oyam district. In conclusion, this study confirms that An. gambiae s.s. females are susceptible to malathion and bendiocarb while high intensity of resistance was observed with deltamethrin and permethrin in the same area. Use of carbamate and organophosphate insecticides bendiocarb and malathion for indoor residual spraying activities in northern Uganda is highly recommended since high levels of pyrethroids resistance (deltamethrin and permethrin) was detected in the area.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13104-020-05193-0Pyrethroid resistanceMalathionBendiocarbDeltamethrin and permethrinUganda |
| spellingShingle | Richard Echodu Julius Iga William Samuel Oyet Paul Mireji Juliet Anena David Onanyang Tereza Iwiru Julius Julian Lutwama Elizabeth Auma Opiyo High insecticide resistances levels in Anopheles gambiaes s.l. in northern Uganda and its relevance for future malaria control BMC Research Notes Pyrethroid resistance Malathion Bendiocarb Deltamethrin and permethrin Uganda |
| title | High insecticide resistances levels in Anopheles gambiaes s.l. in northern Uganda and its relevance for future malaria control |
| title_full | High insecticide resistances levels in Anopheles gambiaes s.l. in northern Uganda and its relevance for future malaria control |
| title_fullStr | High insecticide resistances levels in Anopheles gambiaes s.l. in northern Uganda and its relevance for future malaria control |
| title_full_unstemmed | High insecticide resistances levels in Anopheles gambiaes s.l. in northern Uganda and its relevance for future malaria control |
| title_short | High insecticide resistances levels in Anopheles gambiaes s.l. in northern Uganda and its relevance for future malaria control |
| title_sort | high insecticide resistances levels in anopheles gambiaes s l in northern uganda and its relevance for future malaria control |
| topic | Pyrethroid resistance Malathion Bendiocarb Deltamethrin and permethrin Uganda |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13104-020-05193-0 |
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