Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is the most frequent extrathyroidal involvement of Graves’ disease but it sometimes occurs in euthyroid or hypothyroid patients. Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune disorder, but its pathogenesis is not completely understood. Autoimmunity against puta...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Galenos Yayinevi
2017-03-01
|
| Series: | Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.oftalmoloji.org/article_14763/Thyroid-associated-Ophthalmopathy |
| _version_ | 1797909531814002688 |
|---|---|
| author | Esra Şahlı Kaan Gündüz |
| author_facet | Esra Şahlı Kaan Gündüz |
| author_sort | Esra Şahlı |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is the most frequent extrathyroidal involvement of Graves’ disease but it sometimes occurs in euthyroid or hypothyroid patients. Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune disorder, but its pathogenesis is not completely understood. Autoimmunity against putative antigens shared by the thyroid and the orbit plays a role in the pathogenesis of disease. There is an increased volume of extraocular muscles, orbital connective and adipose tissues. Clinical findings of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy are soft tissue involvement, eyelid retraction, proptosis, compressive optic neuropathy, and restrictive myopathy. To assess the activity of the ophthalmopathy and response to treatment, clinical activity score, which includes manifestations reflecting inflammatory changes, can be used. Supportive approaches can control symptoms and signs in mild cases. In severe active disease, systemic steroid and/or orbital radiotherapy are the main treatments. In inactive disease with proptosis, orbital decompression can be preferred. Miscellaneous treatments such as immunosuppressive drugs, somatostatin analogs, plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulins and anticytokine therapies have been used in patients who are resistant to conventional treatments. Rehabilitative surgeries are often needed after treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T11:09:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-206d7f79f0dc4895b39bdb2249f72aa8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1300-0659 2147-2661 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T11:09:50Z |
| publishDate | 2017-03-01 |
| publisher | Galenos Yayinevi |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi |
| spelling | doaj.art-206d7f79f0dc4895b39bdb2249f72aa82023-02-15T16:19:14ZengGalenos YayineviTürk Oftalmoloji Dergisi1300-06592147-26612017-03-014729410510.4274/tjo.80688Thyroid-associated OphthalmopathyEsra Şahlı0Kaan Gündüz1Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ophthalmology Clinic, Ankara, TurkeyAnkara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, TurkeyThyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is the most frequent extrathyroidal involvement of Graves’ disease but it sometimes occurs in euthyroid or hypothyroid patients. Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune disorder, but its pathogenesis is not completely understood. Autoimmunity against putative antigens shared by the thyroid and the orbit plays a role in the pathogenesis of disease. There is an increased volume of extraocular muscles, orbital connective and adipose tissues. Clinical findings of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy are soft tissue involvement, eyelid retraction, proptosis, compressive optic neuropathy, and restrictive myopathy. To assess the activity of the ophthalmopathy and response to treatment, clinical activity score, which includes manifestations reflecting inflammatory changes, can be used. Supportive approaches can control symptoms and signs in mild cases. In severe active disease, systemic steroid and/or orbital radiotherapy are the main treatments. In inactive disease with proptosis, orbital decompression can be preferred. Miscellaneous treatments such as immunosuppressive drugs, somatostatin analogs, plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulins and anticytokine therapies have been used in patients who are resistant to conventional treatments. Rehabilitative surgeries are often needed after treatment.http://www.oftalmoloji.org/article_14763/Thyroid-associated-OphthalmopathyThyroid ophthalmopathyproptosissteroid therapyradiotherapydecompression surgery |
| spellingShingle | Esra Şahlı Kaan Gündüz Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi Thyroid ophthalmopathy proptosis steroid therapy radiotherapy decompression surgery |
| title | Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy |
| title_full | Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy |
| title_fullStr | Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy |
| title_short | Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy |
| title_sort | thyroid associated ophthalmopathy |
| topic | Thyroid ophthalmopathy proptosis steroid therapy radiotherapy decompression surgery |
| url | http://www.oftalmoloji.org/article_14763/Thyroid-associated-Ophthalmopathy |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT esrasahlı thyroidassociatedophthalmopathy AT kaangunduz thyroidassociatedophthalmopathy |