Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Levels in TBM Tunnel Construction with Diesel Locomotives Based on Directive 2017/164/EU
Directive 2017/164/EU proposed a drastic reduction of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) levels, thereby fortifying the health protection framework within the mining industry. Despite the commendable record of non-road emissions standards (Stage IV and V) in con...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/18/10551 |
| _version_ | 1797581353775005696 |
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| author | Hector Garcia-Gonzalez Rafael Rodriguez Marc Bascompta |
| author_facet | Hector Garcia-Gonzalez Rafael Rodriguez Marc Bascompta |
| author_sort | Hector Garcia-Gonzalez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Directive 2017/164/EU proposed a drastic reduction of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) levels, thereby fortifying the health protection framework within the mining industry. Despite the commendable record of non-road emissions standards (Stage IV and V) in continuing to reduce NOx emissions, concerns remain about compliance with the directive’s strict limits, particularly in demanding tunnels and mining fields. To illustrate this problem, this study undertakes a comprehensive assessment of the practical feasibility surrounding the implementation of these proposed limits in a 6.2 internal diameter tunnel-boring machine (TBM) tunnel constructed with Stage III emission locomotives. The results cast light upon the formidable challenges entailed in achieving strict compliance with the envisioned limits, with a substantial number of measurements notably surpassing these thresholds, primarily concerning NO<sub>2</sub> emissions from Stage III engines. To address these challenges, this study highlights the key role of moving to Stage IV-V locomotives or introducing electric locomotives to effectively reduce NOx emissions, ensure compliance with the directive, and avoid delays in tunnel construction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:03:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-206f409520bb44789007572b77e971c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:03:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-206f409520bb44789007572b77e971c02023-11-19T09:29:20ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-09-0113181055110.3390/app131810551Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Levels in TBM Tunnel Construction with Diesel Locomotives Based on Directive 2017/164/EUHector Garcia-Gonzalez0Rafael Rodriguez1Marc Bascompta2Instituto Nacional de Silicosis, Technical Department, la Minería 1, 33011 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Mining Exploitation and Prospecting, School of Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering, University of Oviedo, Independencia 13, 33004 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Manresa, Av. Bases de Manresa, 61-73, 08242 Barcelona, SpainDirective 2017/164/EU proposed a drastic reduction of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) levels, thereby fortifying the health protection framework within the mining industry. Despite the commendable record of non-road emissions standards (Stage IV and V) in continuing to reduce NOx emissions, concerns remain about compliance with the directive’s strict limits, particularly in demanding tunnels and mining fields. To illustrate this problem, this study undertakes a comprehensive assessment of the practical feasibility surrounding the implementation of these proposed limits in a 6.2 internal diameter tunnel-boring machine (TBM) tunnel constructed with Stage III emission locomotives. The results cast light upon the formidable challenges entailed in achieving strict compliance with the envisioned limits, with a substantial number of measurements notably surpassing these thresholds, primarily concerning NO<sub>2</sub> emissions from Stage III engines. To address these challenges, this study highlights the key role of moving to Stage IV-V locomotives or introducing electric locomotives to effectively reduce NOx emissions, ensure compliance with the directive, and avoid delays in tunnel construction.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/18/10551TBMNO<sub>2</sub>Directive 2017/164/EUNOxStage V |
| spellingShingle | Hector Garcia-Gonzalez Rafael Rodriguez Marc Bascompta Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Levels in TBM Tunnel Construction with Diesel Locomotives Based on Directive 2017/164/EU Applied Sciences TBM NO<sub>2</sub> Directive 2017/164/EU NOx Stage V |
| title | Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Levels in TBM Tunnel Construction with Diesel Locomotives Based on Directive 2017/164/EU |
| title_full | Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Levels in TBM Tunnel Construction with Diesel Locomotives Based on Directive 2017/164/EU |
| title_fullStr | Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Levels in TBM Tunnel Construction with Diesel Locomotives Based on Directive 2017/164/EU |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Levels in TBM Tunnel Construction with Diesel Locomotives Based on Directive 2017/164/EU |
| title_short | Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Levels in TBM Tunnel Construction with Diesel Locomotives Based on Directive 2017/164/EU |
| title_sort | nitrogen dioxide gas levels in tbm tunnel construction with diesel locomotives based on directive 2017 164 eu |
| topic | TBM NO<sub>2</sub> Directive 2017/164/EU NOx Stage V |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/18/10551 |
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