By-Product of the Red Ginseng Manufacturing Process as Potential Material for Use as Cosmetics: Chemical Profiling and In Vitro Antioxidant and Whitening Activities
Red ginseng (RG), which is obtained from heated Panax ginseng and is produced by steaming followed by drying, is a valuable herb in Asian countries. Steamed ginseng dew (SGD) is a by-product produced in processing red ginseng. In the present study, phytochemical profiling of extracts of red ginseng...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8202 |
| _version_ | 1797462632371847168 |
|---|---|
| author | Hui-E Zhang Meng-Yao Chu Tao Jiang Xin-Hong Song Jian-Feng Hou Li-Ye Cheng Ye Feng Chang-Bao Chen En-Peng Wang |
| author_facet | Hui-E Zhang Meng-Yao Chu Tao Jiang Xin-Hong Song Jian-Feng Hou Li-Ye Cheng Ye Feng Chang-Bao Chen En-Peng Wang |
| author_sort | Hui-E Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Red ginseng (RG), which is obtained from heated Panax ginseng and is produced by steaming followed by drying, is a valuable herb in Asian countries. Steamed ginseng dew (SGD) is a by-product produced in processing red ginseng. In the present study, phytochemical profiling of extracts of red ginseng and steamed ginseng dew was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF-MS) analysis. Additionally, antioxidant activities (DPPH, ·OH, and ABTS scavenging ability) and whitening activities (tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activity) were analyzed. Phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of 66 and 28 compounds that were non-saponin components in chloroform extracts of red ginseng and steamed ginseng dew (RG-CE and SGD-CE), respectively. Meanwhile, there were 20 ginsenosides identified in n-butanol extracts of red ginseng and steamed ginseng dew (RG-NBE and SGD-NBE). By comparing the different polar extracts of red ginseng and steamed ginseng dew, it was found that the ethyl acetate extract of red ginseng (RG-EAE) had the best antioxidant capacity and whitening effect, the water extract of steamed ginseng dew (SGD-WE) had stronger antioxidant capacity, and the SGD-NBE and SGD-CE had a better whitening effect. This study shows that RG and SGD have tremendous potential to be used in the cosmetic industries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:39:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-207cb306422946158dde013a21243280 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:39:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-207cb306422946158dde013a212432802023-11-24T11:38:20ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-11-012723820210.3390/molecules27238202By-Product of the Red Ginseng Manufacturing Process as Potential Material for Use as Cosmetics: Chemical Profiling and In Vitro Antioxidant and Whitening ActivitiesHui-E Zhang0Meng-Yao Chu1Tao Jiang2Xin-Hong Song3Jian-Feng Hou4Li-Ye Cheng5Ye Feng6Chang-Bao Chen7En-Peng Wang8Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, ChinaJilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, ChinaJilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, ChinaJilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, ChinaShiqi Biological R&D Centre (Suzhou Industrial Park) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215125, ChinaJilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, ChinaJilin Ji Test Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130117, ChinaJilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, ChinaJilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, ChinaRed ginseng (RG), which is obtained from heated Panax ginseng and is produced by steaming followed by drying, is a valuable herb in Asian countries. Steamed ginseng dew (SGD) is a by-product produced in processing red ginseng. In the present study, phytochemical profiling of extracts of red ginseng and steamed ginseng dew was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF-MS) analysis. Additionally, antioxidant activities (DPPH, ·OH, and ABTS scavenging ability) and whitening activities (tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activity) were analyzed. Phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of 66 and 28 compounds that were non-saponin components in chloroform extracts of red ginseng and steamed ginseng dew (RG-CE and SGD-CE), respectively. Meanwhile, there were 20 ginsenosides identified in n-butanol extracts of red ginseng and steamed ginseng dew (RG-NBE and SGD-NBE). By comparing the different polar extracts of red ginseng and steamed ginseng dew, it was found that the ethyl acetate extract of red ginseng (RG-EAE) had the best antioxidant capacity and whitening effect, the water extract of steamed ginseng dew (SGD-WE) had stronger antioxidant capacity, and the SGD-NBE and SGD-CE had a better whitening effect. This study shows that RG and SGD have tremendous potential to be used in the cosmetic industries.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8202red ginsengby-productcomponentsantioxidant and whitening activities |
| spellingShingle | Hui-E Zhang Meng-Yao Chu Tao Jiang Xin-Hong Song Jian-Feng Hou Li-Ye Cheng Ye Feng Chang-Bao Chen En-Peng Wang By-Product of the Red Ginseng Manufacturing Process as Potential Material for Use as Cosmetics: Chemical Profiling and In Vitro Antioxidant and Whitening Activities Molecules red ginseng by-product components antioxidant and whitening activities |
| title | By-Product of the Red Ginseng Manufacturing Process as Potential Material for Use as Cosmetics: Chemical Profiling and In Vitro Antioxidant and Whitening Activities |
| title_full | By-Product of the Red Ginseng Manufacturing Process as Potential Material for Use as Cosmetics: Chemical Profiling and In Vitro Antioxidant and Whitening Activities |
| title_fullStr | By-Product of the Red Ginseng Manufacturing Process as Potential Material for Use as Cosmetics: Chemical Profiling and In Vitro Antioxidant and Whitening Activities |
| title_full_unstemmed | By-Product of the Red Ginseng Manufacturing Process as Potential Material for Use as Cosmetics: Chemical Profiling and In Vitro Antioxidant and Whitening Activities |
| title_short | By-Product of the Red Ginseng Manufacturing Process as Potential Material for Use as Cosmetics: Chemical Profiling and In Vitro Antioxidant and Whitening Activities |
| title_sort | by product of the red ginseng manufacturing process as potential material for use as cosmetics chemical profiling and in vitro antioxidant and whitening activities |
| topic | red ginseng by-product components antioxidant and whitening activities |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8202 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT huiezhang byproductoftheredginsengmanufacturingprocessaspotentialmaterialforuseascosmeticschemicalprofilingandinvitroantioxidantandwhiteningactivities AT mengyaochu byproductoftheredginsengmanufacturingprocessaspotentialmaterialforuseascosmeticschemicalprofilingandinvitroantioxidantandwhiteningactivities AT taojiang byproductoftheredginsengmanufacturingprocessaspotentialmaterialforuseascosmeticschemicalprofilingandinvitroantioxidantandwhiteningactivities AT xinhongsong byproductoftheredginsengmanufacturingprocessaspotentialmaterialforuseascosmeticschemicalprofilingandinvitroantioxidantandwhiteningactivities AT jianfenghou byproductoftheredginsengmanufacturingprocessaspotentialmaterialforuseascosmeticschemicalprofilingandinvitroantioxidantandwhiteningactivities AT liyecheng byproductoftheredginsengmanufacturingprocessaspotentialmaterialforuseascosmeticschemicalprofilingandinvitroantioxidantandwhiteningactivities AT yefeng byproductoftheredginsengmanufacturingprocessaspotentialmaterialforuseascosmeticschemicalprofilingandinvitroantioxidantandwhiteningactivities AT changbaochen byproductoftheredginsengmanufacturingprocessaspotentialmaterialforuseascosmeticschemicalprofilingandinvitroantioxidantandwhiteningactivities AT enpengwang byproductoftheredginsengmanufacturingprocessaspotentialmaterialforuseascosmeticschemicalprofilingandinvitroantioxidantandwhiteningactivities |