Secondary Folds Contribute Significantly to the Total Surface Area in the Olfactory Organ of Chondrichthyes
The olfactory organ of Chondrichthyes is characterized by a central support with several lamellae covered by a sensory olfactory epithelium. Although secondary folds are present on the lamellae in all the chondrichthyan species analyzed to date, their shape and size have not been described. We here...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Sprog: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-03-01
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| Serier: | Frontiers in Physiology |
| Fag: | |
| Online adgang: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.00245/full |
| _version_ | 1828262777718833152 |
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| author | Sara Ferrando Andrea Amaroli Andrea Amaroli Lorenzo Gallus Stefano Aicardi Davide Di Blasi Jørgen S. Christiansen Jørgen S. Christiansen Marino Vacchi Laura Ghigliotti |
| author_facet | Sara Ferrando Andrea Amaroli Andrea Amaroli Lorenzo Gallus Stefano Aicardi Davide Di Blasi Jørgen S. Christiansen Jørgen S. Christiansen Marino Vacchi Laura Ghigliotti |
| author_sort | Sara Ferrando |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The olfactory organ of Chondrichthyes is characterized by a central support with several lamellae covered by a sensory olfactory epithelium. Although secondary folds are present on the lamellae in all the chondrichthyan species analyzed to date, their shape and size have not been described. We here analyze the olfactory organ of 13 elasmobranch and 1 holocephalan species, describe the shape of the secondary folds and evaluate how they contribute to the epithelial surface area. The secondary folds vary in shape and size, and they should always be considered when comparing the epithelial surface area among species; in fact, the increase of the area, due to the presence of the secondary folds, spans from 70 to 495% in the considered species. Because of the complexity of the shapes, we approach the description of the secondary folds by analyzing histological sections of the olfactory lamellae to obtain illustrative silhouettes. We introduce two indexes in order to describe a 2D-sectioned shape of the secondary folds. Considering the different numerical parameters which describe the morphology of the olfactory organ (secondary folds included), a principal component analysis elucidates the possible ecological role and phylogenetic relationship of the chondrichthyan olfactory organ. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:00:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-208c65a4ec7c46f295b0697555aad2d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:00:43Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-208c65a4ec7c46f295b0697555aad2d52022-12-22T03:03:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2019-03-011010.3389/fphys.2019.00245430904Secondary Folds Contribute Significantly to the Total Surface Area in the Olfactory Organ of ChondrichthyesSara Ferrando0Andrea Amaroli1Andrea Amaroli2Lorenzo Gallus3Stefano Aicardi4Davide Di Blasi5Jørgen S. Christiansen6Jørgen S. Christiansen7Marino Vacchi8Laura Ghigliotti9Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Surgical Sciences and Integrates Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, ItalyNational Research Council of Italy, IAS, Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwayEnvironmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FinlandNational Research Council of Italy, IAS, Genoa, ItalyNational Research Council of Italy, IAS, Genoa, ItalyThe olfactory organ of Chondrichthyes is characterized by a central support with several lamellae covered by a sensory olfactory epithelium. Although secondary folds are present on the lamellae in all the chondrichthyan species analyzed to date, their shape and size have not been described. We here analyze the olfactory organ of 13 elasmobranch and 1 holocephalan species, describe the shape of the secondary folds and evaluate how they contribute to the epithelial surface area. The secondary folds vary in shape and size, and they should always be considered when comparing the epithelial surface area among species; in fact, the increase of the area, due to the presence of the secondary folds, spans from 70 to 495% in the considered species. Because of the complexity of the shapes, we approach the description of the secondary folds by analyzing histological sections of the olfactory lamellae to obtain illustrative silhouettes. We introduce two indexes in order to describe a 2D-sectioned shape of the secondary folds. Considering the different numerical parameters which describe the morphology of the olfactory organ (secondary folds included), a principal component analysis elucidates the possible ecological role and phylogenetic relationship of the chondrichthyan olfactory organ.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.00245/fullcartilaginous fisholfactory rosettemorphologyshape analysishistology |
| spellingShingle | Sara Ferrando Andrea Amaroli Andrea Amaroli Lorenzo Gallus Stefano Aicardi Davide Di Blasi Jørgen S. Christiansen Jørgen S. Christiansen Marino Vacchi Laura Ghigliotti Secondary Folds Contribute Significantly to the Total Surface Area in the Olfactory Organ of Chondrichthyes Frontiers in Physiology cartilaginous fish olfactory rosette morphology shape analysis histology |
| title | Secondary Folds Contribute Significantly to the Total Surface Area in the Olfactory Organ of Chondrichthyes |
| title_full | Secondary Folds Contribute Significantly to the Total Surface Area in the Olfactory Organ of Chondrichthyes |
| title_fullStr | Secondary Folds Contribute Significantly to the Total Surface Area in the Olfactory Organ of Chondrichthyes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Secondary Folds Contribute Significantly to the Total Surface Area in the Olfactory Organ of Chondrichthyes |
| title_short | Secondary Folds Contribute Significantly to the Total Surface Area in the Olfactory Organ of Chondrichthyes |
| title_sort | secondary folds contribute significantly to the total surface area in the olfactory organ of chondrichthyes |
| topic | cartilaginous fish olfactory rosette morphology shape analysis histology |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.00245/full |
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