DNA Damage Triggers the Activation of Immune Response to Viral Pathogens via Salicylic Acid in Plants
Plants are challenged by various pathogens throughout their lives, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and insects; consequently, they have evolved several defense mechanisms. In addition, plants have developed localized and systematic immune responses due to biotic and abiotic stress exposure. Animal...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Hanrimwon Publishing Company
2023-10-01
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| Series: | The Plant Pathology Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://ppjonline.org/upload/pdf/PPJ-OA-08-2023-0112.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797662040039358464 |
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| author | Hwi-Won Jeong Tae Ho Ryu Hyo-Jeong Lee Kook-Hyung Kim Rae-Dong Jeong |
| author_facet | Hwi-Won Jeong Tae Ho Ryu Hyo-Jeong Lee Kook-Hyung Kim Rae-Dong Jeong |
| author_sort | Hwi-Won Jeong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plants are challenged by various pathogens throughout their lives, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and insects; consequently, they have evolved several defense mechanisms. In addition, plants have developed localized and systematic immune responses due to biotic and abiotic stress exposure. Animals are known to activate DNA damage responses (DDRs) and DNA damage sensor immune signals in response to stress, and the process is well studied in animal systems. However, the links between stress perception and immune response through DDRs remain largely unknown in plants. To determine whether DDRs induce plant resistance to pathogens, Arabidopsis plants were treated with bleomycin, a DNA damage-inducing agent, and the replication levels of viral pathogens and growth of bacterial pathogens were determined. We observed that DDR-mediated resistance was specifically activated against viral pathogens, including turnip crinkle virus (TCV). DDR increased the expression level of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and the total salicylic acid (SA) content and promoted mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, including the WRKY signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that defense-and SA-related genes were upregulated by DDR. The atm-2atr-2 double mutants were susceptible to TCV, indicating that the main DDR signaling pathway sensors play an important role in plant immune responses. In conclusion, DDRs activated basal immune responses to viral pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:54:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2093763eb273405e812281333233dbca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1598-2254 2093-9280 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:54:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Hanrimwon Publishing Company |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Plant Pathology Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-2093763eb273405e812281333233dbca2023-10-11T06:08:17ZengHanrimwon Publishing CompanyThe Plant Pathology Journal1598-22542093-92802023-10-0139544946510.5423/PPJ.OA.08.2023.01122406DNA Damage Triggers the Activation of Immune Response to Viral Pathogens via Salicylic Acid in PlantsHwi-Won Jeong0Tae Ho Ryu1Hyo-Jeong Lee2Kook-Hyung Kim3Rae-Dong Jeong4 Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61185, Korea Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61185, Korea Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61185, Korea Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61185, KoreaPlants are challenged by various pathogens throughout their lives, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and insects; consequently, they have evolved several defense mechanisms. In addition, plants have developed localized and systematic immune responses due to biotic and abiotic stress exposure. Animals are known to activate DNA damage responses (DDRs) and DNA damage sensor immune signals in response to stress, and the process is well studied in animal systems. However, the links between stress perception and immune response through DDRs remain largely unknown in plants. To determine whether DDRs induce plant resistance to pathogens, Arabidopsis plants were treated with bleomycin, a DNA damage-inducing agent, and the replication levels of viral pathogens and growth of bacterial pathogens were determined. We observed that DDR-mediated resistance was specifically activated against viral pathogens, including turnip crinkle virus (TCV). DDR increased the expression level of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and the total salicylic acid (SA) content and promoted mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, including the WRKY signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that defense-and SA-related genes were upregulated by DDR. The atm-2atr-2 double mutants were susceptible to TCV, indicating that the main DDR signaling pathway sensors play an important role in plant immune responses. In conclusion, DDRs activated basal immune responses to viral pathogens.http://ppjonline.org/upload/pdf/PPJ-OA-08-2023-0112.pdfbleomycindna damageimmune responsesalicylic acidturnip crinkle virus |
| spellingShingle | Hwi-Won Jeong Tae Ho Ryu Hyo-Jeong Lee Kook-Hyung Kim Rae-Dong Jeong DNA Damage Triggers the Activation of Immune Response to Viral Pathogens via Salicylic Acid in Plants The Plant Pathology Journal bleomycin dna damage immune response salicylic acid turnip crinkle virus |
| title | DNA Damage Triggers the Activation of Immune Response to Viral Pathogens via Salicylic Acid in Plants |
| title_full | DNA Damage Triggers the Activation of Immune Response to Viral Pathogens via Salicylic Acid in Plants |
| title_fullStr | DNA Damage Triggers the Activation of Immune Response to Viral Pathogens via Salicylic Acid in Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | DNA Damage Triggers the Activation of Immune Response to Viral Pathogens via Salicylic Acid in Plants |
| title_short | DNA Damage Triggers the Activation of Immune Response to Viral Pathogens via Salicylic Acid in Plants |
| title_sort | dna damage triggers the activation of immune response to viral pathogens via salicylic acid in plants |
| topic | bleomycin dna damage immune response salicylic acid turnip crinkle virus |
| url | http://ppjonline.org/upload/pdf/PPJ-OA-08-2023-0112.pdf |
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