Silver nanoparticle immunomodulatory potential in absence of direct cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and MPRO 2.1 neutrophils
Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are being used in a wide range of consumer products and pharmaceuticals; hence, there is an increasing risk for human exposure and potential adverse outcomes. The immune system, vital in host defense and protection against environmental agents, is typically initiated a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunotoxicology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1547691X.2019.1588928 |
| _version_ | 1819128747773657088 |
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| author | Nasser B. Alsaleh Valerie C. Minarchick Ryan P. Mendoza Bipin Sharma Ramakrishna Podila Jared M. Brown |
| author_facet | Nasser B. Alsaleh Valerie C. Minarchick Ryan P. Mendoza Bipin Sharma Ramakrishna Podila Jared M. Brown |
| author_sort | Nasser B. Alsaleh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are being used in a wide range of consumer products and pharmaceuticals; hence, there is an increasing risk for human exposure and potential adverse outcomes. The immune system, vital in host defense and protection against environmental agents, is typically initiated and executed by innate effector immune cells including macrophages and neutrophils. Previous literature has reported the immune system as a major target of ENM toxicity; however, there is inconsistency regarding the immunotoxicity of ENM. This could be attributed to differences in ENM physicochemical properties, cellular models examined, biocorona formation, etc. Thus, the current study examined the toxicity and immunomodulatory effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNP), one of the most utilized ENM in consumer and medical products, in two key innate immune cell models, e.g. RAW 264.7 cells (macrophages) and differentiated MPRO 2.1 cells (promyelocytes/neutrophils). The results showed that despite a generation of reactive oxygen species, exposure to 20 nm citrate-coated AgNP was not associated with major oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, nor cytotoxicity. Nevertheless, and most importantly, pre-exposure to the AgNP for 24 h enhanced RAW 264.7 cell phagocytic ability as well as the release of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In MPRO 2.1 cells, AgNP pre-exposure also resulted in enhanced phagocytic ability; however, these cells manifest reduced cell degranulation (elastase release) and oxidative burst in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Taken together, these findings indicated to us that exposure to AgNP, despite not being directly (cyto)toxic to these cells, had the potential to alter immune cell responses. The findings underscore the import of assessing immune cell function post-exposure to ENM beyond the standard endpoints such as oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. In addition, these findings further illustrate the importance of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of ENM-cellular interactions, particularly in the immune system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T08:32:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-209685282b284f4988def548c9a0e2ed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1547-691X 1547-6901 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T08:32:44Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunotoxicology |
| spelling | doaj.art-209685282b284f4988def548c9a0e2ed2022-12-21T18:32:27ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Immunotoxicology1547-691X1547-69012019-01-01161637310.1080/1547691X.2019.15889281588928Silver nanoparticle immunomodulatory potential in absence of direct cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and MPRO 2.1 neutrophilsNasser B. Alsaleh0Valerie C. Minarchick1Ryan P. Mendoza2Bipin Sharma3Ramakrishna Podila4Jared M. Brown5University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusClemson UniversityClemson UniversityUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusEngineered nanomaterials (ENM) are being used in a wide range of consumer products and pharmaceuticals; hence, there is an increasing risk for human exposure and potential adverse outcomes. The immune system, vital in host defense and protection against environmental agents, is typically initiated and executed by innate effector immune cells including macrophages and neutrophils. Previous literature has reported the immune system as a major target of ENM toxicity; however, there is inconsistency regarding the immunotoxicity of ENM. This could be attributed to differences in ENM physicochemical properties, cellular models examined, biocorona formation, etc. Thus, the current study examined the toxicity and immunomodulatory effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNP), one of the most utilized ENM in consumer and medical products, in two key innate immune cell models, e.g. RAW 264.7 cells (macrophages) and differentiated MPRO 2.1 cells (promyelocytes/neutrophils). The results showed that despite a generation of reactive oxygen species, exposure to 20 nm citrate-coated AgNP was not associated with major oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, nor cytotoxicity. Nevertheless, and most importantly, pre-exposure to the AgNP for 24 h enhanced RAW 264.7 cell phagocytic ability as well as the release of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In MPRO 2.1 cells, AgNP pre-exposure also resulted in enhanced phagocytic ability; however, these cells manifest reduced cell degranulation (elastase release) and oxidative burst in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Taken together, these findings indicated to us that exposure to AgNP, despite not being directly (cyto)toxic to these cells, had the potential to alter immune cell responses. The findings underscore the import of assessing immune cell function post-exposure to ENM beyond the standard endpoints such as oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. In addition, these findings further illustrate the importance of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of ENM-cellular interactions, particularly in the immune system.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1547691X.2019.1588928nanotoxicologynanotoxicityimmunomodulationimmunotoxicityimmune activationsuppression |
| spellingShingle | Nasser B. Alsaleh Valerie C. Minarchick Ryan P. Mendoza Bipin Sharma Ramakrishna Podila Jared M. Brown Silver nanoparticle immunomodulatory potential in absence of direct cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and MPRO 2.1 neutrophils Journal of Immunotoxicology nanotoxicology nanotoxicity immunomodulation immunotoxicity immune activation suppression |
| title | Silver nanoparticle immunomodulatory potential in absence of direct cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and MPRO 2.1 neutrophils |
| title_full | Silver nanoparticle immunomodulatory potential in absence of direct cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and MPRO 2.1 neutrophils |
| title_fullStr | Silver nanoparticle immunomodulatory potential in absence of direct cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and MPRO 2.1 neutrophils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Silver nanoparticle immunomodulatory potential in absence of direct cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and MPRO 2.1 neutrophils |
| title_short | Silver nanoparticle immunomodulatory potential in absence of direct cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and MPRO 2.1 neutrophils |
| title_sort | silver nanoparticle immunomodulatory potential in absence of direct cytotoxicity in raw 264 7 macrophages and mpro 2 1 neutrophils |
| topic | nanotoxicology nanotoxicity immunomodulation immunotoxicity immune activation suppression |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1547691X.2019.1588928 |
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