Estimating the electric vehicle charging demand of multi-unit dwelling residents in the United States
Early battery electric vehicle (EV) adopters can access home chargers for reliable charging. As the EV market grows, residents of multi-unit dwellings (MUDs) may face barriers in owning EVs and charging them without garage or parking availability. To investigate the mechanisms that can bridge existi...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/acde06 |
| _version_ | 1797792351079366656 |
|---|---|
| author | Xi Cheng Eleftheria Kontou |
| author_facet | Xi Cheng Eleftheria Kontou |
| author_sort | Xi Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Early battery electric vehicle (EV) adopters can access home chargers for reliable charging. As the EV market grows, residents of multi-unit dwellings (MUDs) may face barriers in owning EVs and charging them without garage or parking availability. To investigate the mechanisms that can bridge existing disparities in home charging and station deployment, we characterized the travel behavior of MUD residents and estimated their EV residential charging demand. This study classifies the travel patterns of MUD residents by fusing trip diary data from the National Household Travel Survey and housing features from the American Housing Survey. A hierarchical agglomerative clustering method was used to cluster apartment complex residents’ travel profiles, considering attributes such as dwell time, daily vehicle miles traveled (VMT), income, and their residences’ US census division. We propose a charging decision model to determine the charging station placement demand in MUDs and the charging energy volume expected to be consumed, assuming that MUD drivers universally operate EVs in urban communities. Numerical experiments were conducted to gain insight into the charging demand of MUD residents in the US. We found that charging availability is indispensable for households that set out to meet 80% state of charge by the end of the day. When maintaining a 20% comfortable state of charge the entire day, the higher the VMT are, the greater the share of charging demand and the greater the energy use in MUD chargers. The upper-income group requires a greater share of MUD charging and greater daily kWh charged because of more VMT. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:32:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-209964929a72438588fa768d7b395fe7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2634-4505 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:32:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability |
| spelling | doaj.art-209964929a72438588fa768d7b395fe72023-06-29T11:59:44ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability2634-45052023-01-013202501210.1088/2634-4505/acde06Estimating the electric vehicle charging demand of multi-unit dwelling residents in the United StatesXi Cheng0Eleftheria Kontou1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-4226Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, United States of AmericaCivil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, United States of AmericaEarly battery electric vehicle (EV) adopters can access home chargers for reliable charging. As the EV market grows, residents of multi-unit dwellings (MUDs) may face barriers in owning EVs and charging them without garage or parking availability. To investigate the mechanisms that can bridge existing disparities in home charging and station deployment, we characterized the travel behavior of MUD residents and estimated their EV residential charging demand. This study classifies the travel patterns of MUD residents by fusing trip diary data from the National Household Travel Survey and housing features from the American Housing Survey. A hierarchical agglomerative clustering method was used to cluster apartment complex residents’ travel profiles, considering attributes such as dwell time, daily vehicle miles traveled (VMT), income, and their residences’ US census division. We propose a charging decision model to determine the charging station placement demand in MUDs and the charging energy volume expected to be consumed, assuming that MUD drivers universally operate EVs in urban communities. Numerical experiments were conducted to gain insight into the charging demand of MUD residents in the US. We found that charging availability is indispensable for households that set out to meet 80% state of charge by the end of the day. When maintaining a 20% comfortable state of charge the entire day, the higher the VMT are, the greater the share of charging demand and the greater the energy use in MUD chargers. The upper-income group requires a greater share of MUD charging and greater daily kWh charged because of more VMT.https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/acde06electric vehiclemulti-unit dwellingstravel patternscharging stationsenergy use |
| spellingShingle | Xi Cheng Eleftheria Kontou Estimating the electric vehicle charging demand of multi-unit dwelling residents in the United States Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability electric vehicle multi-unit dwellings travel patterns charging stations energy use |
| title | Estimating the electric vehicle charging demand of multi-unit dwelling residents in the United States |
| title_full | Estimating the electric vehicle charging demand of multi-unit dwelling residents in the United States |
| title_fullStr | Estimating the electric vehicle charging demand of multi-unit dwelling residents in the United States |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimating the electric vehicle charging demand of multi-unit dwelling residents in the United States |
| title_short | Estimating the electric vehicle charging demand of multi-unit dwelling residents in the United States |
| title_sort | estimating the electric vehicle charging demand of multi unit dwelling residents in the united states |
| topic | electric vehicle multi-unit dwellings travel patterns charging stations energy use |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/acde06 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xicheng estimatingtheelectricvehiclechargingdemandofmultiunitdwellingresidentsintheunitedstates AT eleftheriakontou estimatingtheelectricvehiclechargingdemandofmultiunitdwellingresidentsintheunitedstates |