Study of Channel Characteristics for Galvanic-Type Intra-Body Communication Based on a Transfer Function from a Quasi-Static Field Model
Intra-Body Communication (IBC), which modulates ionic currents over the human body as the communication medium, offers a low power and reliable signal transmission method for information exchange across the body. This paper first briefly reviews the quasi-static electromagnetic (EM) field modeling f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2012-11-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/12/16433 |
| _version_ | 1798041838476591104 |
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| author | Min Du Chan-Tong Lam Mang I. Vai Yue Ming Gao Sio Hang Pun Xi Mei Chen Peng Un Mak |
| author_facet | Min Du Chan-Tong Lam Mang I. Vai Yue Ming Gao Sio Hang Pun Xi Mei Chen Peng Un Mak |
| author_sort | Min Du |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Intra-Body Communication (IBC), which modulates ionic currents over the human body as the communication medium, offers a low power and reliable signal transmission method for information exchange across the body. This paper first briefly reviews the quasi-static electromagnetic (EM) field modeling for a galvanic-type IBC human limb operating below 1 MHz and obtains the corresponding transfer function with correction factor using minimum mean square error (MMSE) technique. Then, the IBC channel characteristics are studied through the comparison between theoretical calculations via this transfer function and experimental measurements in both frequency domain and time domain. High pass characteristics are obtained in the channel gain analysis versus different transmission distances. In addition, harmonic distortions are analyzed in both baseband and passband transmissions for square input waves. The experimental results are consistent with the calculation results from the transfer function with correction factor. Furthermore, we also explore both theoretical and simulation results for the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of several common modulation schemes in the IBC system with a carrier frequency of 500 kHz. It is found that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the simulation results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:27:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20a45100dfda4ec2bec96f187ce3946f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:27:10Z |
| publishDate | 2012-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-20a45100dfda4ec2bec96f187ce3946f2022-12-22T03:59:37ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202012-11-011212164331645010.3390/s121216433Study of Channel Characteristics for Galvanic-Type Intra-Body Communication Based on a Transfer Function from a Quasi-Static Field ModelMin DuChan-Tong LamMang I. VaiYue Ming GaoSio Hang PunXi Mei ChenPeng Un MakIntra-Body Communication (IBC), which modulates ionic currents over the human body as the communication medium, offers a low power and reliable signal transmission method for information exchange across the body. This paper first briefly reviews the quasi-static electromagnetic (EM) field modeling for a galvanic-type IBC human limb operating below 1 MHz and obtains the corresponding transfer function with correction factor using minimum mean square error (MMSE) technique. Then, the IBC channel characteristics are studied through the comparison between theoretical calculations via this transfer function and experimental measurements in both frequency domain and time domain. High pass characteristics are obtained in the channel gain analysis versus different transmission distances. In addition, harmonic distortions are analyzed in both baseband and passband transmissions for square input waves. The experimental results are consistent with the calculation results from the transfer function with correction factor. Furthermore, we also explore both theoretical and simulation results for the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of several common modulation schemes in the IBC system with a carrier frequency of 500 kHz. It is found that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the simulation results.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/12/16433Body Sensor Network (BSN)BERchannel characteristicsIntra-Body Communication (IBC)modulation schemequasi-static field modeltransfer function |
| spellingShingle | Min Du Chan-Tong Lam Mang I. Vai Yue Ming Gao Sio Hang Pun Xi Mei Chen Peng Un Mak Study of Channel Characteristics for Galvanic-Type Intra-Body Communication Based on a Transfer Function from a Quasi-Static Field Model Sensors Body Sensor Network (BSN) BER channel characteristics Intra-Body Communication (IBC) modulation scheme quasi-static field model transfer function |
| title | Study of Channel Characteristics for Galvanic-Type Intra-Body Communication Based on a Transfer Function from a Quasi-Static Field Model |
| title_full | Study of Channel Characteristics for Galvanic-Type Intra-Body Communication Based on a Transfer Function from a Quasi-Static Field Model |
| title_fullStr | Study of Channel Characteristics for Galvanic-Type Intra-Body Communication Based on a Transfer Function from a Quasi-Static Field Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of Channel Characteristics for Galvanic-Type Intra-Body Communication Based on a Transfer Function from a Quasi-Static Field Model |
| title_short | Study of Channel Characteristics for Galvanic-Type Intra-Body Communication Based on a Transfer Function from a Quasi-Static Field Model |
| title_sort | study of channel characteristics for galvanic type intra body communication based on a transfer function from a quasi static field model |
| topic | Body Sensor Network (BSN) BER channel characteristics Intra-Body Communication (IBC) modulation scheme quasi-static field model transfer function |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/12/16433 |
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