Antibiotics and Non-Targeted Metabolite Residues Detection as a Comprehensive Approach toward Food Safety in Raw Milk
Antibiotic residues in milk are a serious health and technological problem in dairy processes. This study aims to verify the absence of administered antimicrobials after therapeutic treatments, taking into consideration the withdrawal period, and to evaluate the reliability of screening tests under...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/3/544 |
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| author | Luca Maria Chiesa Federica Di Cesare Maria Nobile Roberto Villa Lucia Decastelli Francesca Martucci Mauro Fontana Radmila Pavlovic Francesco Arioli Sara Panseri |
| author_facet | Luca Maria Chiesa Federica Di Cesare Maria Nobile Roberto Villa Lucia Decastelli Francesca Martucci Mauro Fontana Radmila Pavlovic Francesco Arioli Sara Panseri |
| author_sort | Luca Maria Chiesa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antibiotic residues in milk are a serious health and technological problem in dairy processes. This study aims to verify the absence of administered antimicrobials after therapeutic treatments, taking into consideration the withdrawal period, and to evaluate the reliability of screening tests under field conditions after confirmatory HPLC-HRMS (High Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry) Orbitrap analysis. Moreover, the presence of expected or non-targeted metabolites was investigated using the new Compound Discoverer approach. The presence of antimicrobial drugs was shown in 29% of the samples, and also sometimes their metabolites (for enrofloxacin and lincomycin), despite the fact that samples were collected at the seventh milking. Moreover, in 9% of the samples, undeclared treatments were revealed due to the presence of both parent drugs and metabolites. Lastly, the putative identification of two new enrofloxacin metabolites, ENRO-N-methylacetamide and ENRO-ornithine, was proposed. In the light of this evidence, it must be borne in mind that metabolites, some of which are pharmacologically active, may also pose a risk to consumers and for the entire processing of milk in the cheese industries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:13:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20a764fadd2049a8bfc4b6de4e4e0d23 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:13:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-20a764fadd2049a8bfc4b6de4e4e0d232023-12-03T12:47:06ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-03-0110354410.3390/foods10030544Antibiotics and Non-Targeted Metabolite Residues Detection as a Comprehensive Approach toward Food Safety in Raw MilkLuca Maria Chiesa0Federica Di Cesare1Maria Nobile2Roberto Villa3Lucia Decastelli4Francesca Martucci5Mauro Fontana6Radmila Pavlovic7Francesco Arioli8Sara Panseri9Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna, 148, 10154 Turin, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna, 148, 10154 Turin, ItalyDVM, Specialist in Inspection of Food of Animal Origin, 10147 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, ItalyAntibiotic residues in milk are a serious health and technological problem in dairy processes. This study aims to verify the absence of administered antimicrobials after therapeutic treatments, taking into consideration the withdrawal period, and to evaluate the reliability of screening tests under field conditions after confirmatory HPLC-HRMS (High Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry) Orbitrap analysis. Moreover, the presence of expected or non-targeted metabolites was investigated using the new Compound Discoverer approach. The presence of antimicrobial drugs was shown in 29% of the samples, and also sometimes their metabolites (for enrofloxacin and lincomycin), despite the fact that samples were collected at the seventh milking. Moreover, in 9% of the samples, undeclared treatments were revealed due to the presence of both parent drugs and metabolites. Lastly, the putative identification of two new enrofloxacin metabolites, ENRO-N-methylacetamide and ENRO-ornithine, was proposed. In the light of this evidence, it must be borne in mind that metabolites, some of which are pharmacologically active, may also pose a risk to consumers and for the entire processing of milk in the cheese industries.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/3/544antibioticsmetabolitesnon-targeted analysisCompound Discoverermilkscreening test |
| spellingShingle | Luca Maria Chiesa Federica Di Cesare Maria Nobile Roberto Villa Lucia Decastelli Francesca Martucci Mauro Fontana Radmila Pavlovic Francesco Arioli Sara Panseri Antibiotics and Non-Targeted Metabolite Residues Detection as a Comprehensive Approach toward Food Safety in Raw Milk Foods antibiotics metabolites non-targeted analysis Compound Discoverer milk screening test |
| title | Antibiotics and Non-Targeted Metabolite Residues Detection as a Comprehensive Approach toward Food Safety in Raw Milk |
| title_full | Antibiotics and Non-Targeted Metabolite Residues Detection as a Comprehensive Approach toward Food Safety in Raw Milk |
| title_fullStr | Antibiotics and Non-Targeted Metabolite Residues Detection as a Comprehensive Approach toward Food Safety in Raw Milk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibiotics and Non-Targeted Metabolite Residues Detection as a Comprehensive Approach toward Food Safety in Raw Milk |
| title_short | Antibiotics and Non-Targeted Metabolite Residues Detection as a Comprehensive Approach toward Food Safety in Raw Milk |
| title_sort | antibiotics and non targeted metabolite residues detection as a comprehensive approach toward food safety in raw milk |
| topic | antibiotics metabolites non-targeted analysis Compound Discoverer milk screening test |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/3/544 |
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