Imaging of fluorescent polymer dots in relation to channels and immune cells in the lymphatic system
Polymer dots (Pdots) have been applied to imaging lymph nodes (LNs) and lymphatic vessels (LVs) in living mice and rats. However, the mechanism of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of Pdots in LNs and LVs is still unclear. Therefore, the relationship between Pdots and immune cells,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Materials Today Bio |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006422001156 |
| _version_ | 1818172885076803584 |
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| author | Yufan Zhang Juxiang Zhang Xiaowei Li Jingru Li Shuting Lu Yuqiao Li Panting Ren Chunfu Zhang Liqin Xiong |
| author_facet | Yufan Zhang Juxiang Zhang Xiaowei Li Jingru Li Shuting Lu Yuqiao Li Panting Ren Chunfu Zhang Liqin Xiong |
| author_sort | Yufan Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polymer dots (Pdots) have been applied to imaging lymph nodes (LNs) and lymphatic vessels (LVs) in living mice and rats. However, the mechanism of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of Pdots in LNs and LVs is still unclear. Therefore, the relationship between Pdots and immune cells, LVs and collagen fibers in lymphatics was studied by multiple in vivo and ex vivo microscopic imaging methods and detection techniques. Flow cytometry showed that Pdots could be phagocytosed by macrophages and monocytes, and had no relationship with B cells, T cells and dendric cells in LNs. Silver staining, immunofluorescence and two-photon microscope showed that Pdots gathered in collagen fibers and LVs of LNs. Furthermore, immunofluorescence imaging results verified that Pdots were distributed in the extracellular space of collecting LVs endothelial cells. In addition, Pdots in the collecting LVs were basically cleared by leaking into the surrounding tissue or draining LNs after 21 days of injection. During the long-time observation, Pdots also helped monitor the contraction frequency and variation range of LV. Our study lays a foundation on the research of Pdots as the carrier to study lymphatic structure and function in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:19:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20b4dba076f545318d70f8ef3d8c2381 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-0064 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:19:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials Today Bio |
| spelling | doaj.art-20b4dba076f545318d70f8ef3d8c23812022-12-22T00:53:34ZengElsevierMaterials Today Bio2590-00642022-06-0115100317Imaging of fluorescent polymer dots in relation to channels and immune cells in the lymphatic systemYufan Zhang0Juxiang Zhang1Xiaowei Li2Jingru Li3Shuting Lu4Yuqiao Li5Panting Ren6Chunfu Zhang7Liqin Xiong8Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR ChinaShanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR ChinaShanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR ChinaShanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR ChinaShanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR ChinaShanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR ChinaShanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR ChinaShanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR ChinaCorresponding author.; Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR ChinaPolymer dots (Pdots) have been applied to imaging lymph nodes (LNs) and lymphatic vessels (LVs) in living mice and rats. However, the mechanism of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of Pdots in LNs and LVs is still unclear. Therefore, the relationship between Pdots and immune cells, LVs and collagen fibers in lymphatics was studied by multiple in vivo and ex vivo microscopic imaging methods and detection techniques. Flow cytometry showed that Pdots could be phagocytosed by macrophages and monocytes, and had no relationship with B cells, T cells and dendric cells in LNs. Silver staining, immunofluorescence and two-photon microscope showed that Pdots gathered in collagen fibers and LVs of LNs. Furthermore, immunofluorescence imaging results verified that Pdots were distributed in the extracellular space of collecting LVs endothelial cells. In addition, Pdots in the collecting LVs were basically cleared by leaking into the surrounding tissue or draining LNs after 21 days of injection. During the long-time observation, Pdots also helped monitor the contraction frequency and variation range of LV. Our study lays a foundation on the research of Pdots as the carrier to study lymphatic structure and function in the future.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006422001156Polymer dotsLymphatic systemImmune cellsLymphatic vesselsCollagen fibers |
| spellingShingle | Yufan Zhang Juxiang Zhang Xiaowei Li Jingru Li Shuting Lu Yuqiao Li Panting Ren Chunfu Zhang Liqin Xiong Imaging of fluorescent polymer dots in relation to channels and immune cells in the lymphatic system Materials Today Bio Polymer dots Lymphatic system Immune cells Lymphatic vessels Collagen fibers |
| title | Imaging of fluorescent polymer dots in relation to channels and immune cells in the lymphatic system |
| title_full | Imaging of fluorescent polymer dots in relation to channels and immune cells in the lymphatic system |
| title_fullStr | Imaging of fluorescent polymer dots in relation to channels and immune cells in the lymphatic system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imaging of fluorescent polymer dots in relation to channels and immune cells in the lymphatic system |
| title_short | Imaging of fluorescent polymer dots in relation to channels and immune cells in the lymphatic system |
| title_sort | imaging of fluorescent polymer dots in relation to channels and immune cells in the lymphatic system |
| topic | Polymer dots Lymphatic system Immune cells Lymphatic vessels Collagen fibers |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006422001156 |
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