Estimation of SAR Average in Rats during 5G NR Chronic Exposure
To study physiological reactions in the brain and skin of higher mammals exposed to chronic radiofrequency radiation, specific absorption ratio (SAR) determination is required and time-consuming numerical methods are used. The paper deals with the estimation of the whole-body specific absorption rat...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/1/208 |
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| author | Ramdas Makhmanazarov Ilya Tseplyaev Sergey Shipilov Natalya Krivova |
| author_facet | Ramdas Makhmanazarov Ilya Tseplyaev Sergey Shipilov Natalya Krivova |
| author_sort | Ramdas Makhmanazarov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To study physiological reactions in the brain and skin of higher mammals exposed to chronic radiofrequency radiation, specific absorption ratio (SAR) determination is required and time-consuming numerical methods are used. The paper deals with the estimation of the whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) in rats chronically exposed to external electromagnetic fields, as well as the development of a laboratory setup simulating the operation of a fifth-generation 5G New Radio base station (with a signal bandwidth of 15 MHz and a carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz). The paper presents a modified method for theoretical SAR estimation for one-sided irradiation and distributed absorption. Mean whole-body SAR values were estimated by the proposed method and numerically modeled with the CST Microwave Studio simulation software 2020package using primitive rat models. Dielectric parameters in the numerical simulation were used from the software library. The IEEE/IEC 62704-1 algorithm was used to investigate SAR in numerical simulations. The theoretical estimates and numerical simulations were compared for different SAR distributions and were found to be qualitatively comparable. The differences between approximate theoretical estimates and numerical simulations are 7% and 10% for distributed and non-distributed absorptions, respectively. The proposed method, which takes into account the decreasing power flux density, can be used to estimate the approximate whole-body SAR during chronic electromagnetic field exposure in rats. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:11:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20b68b3bc3e440e7956bbf90e3d3bcb9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:11:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-20b68b3bc3e440e7956bbf90e3d3bcb92024-01-10T14:51:21ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-12-0114120810.3390/app14010208Estimation of SAR Average in Rats during 5G NR Chronic ExposureRamdas Makhmanazarov0Ilya Tseplyaev1Sergey Shipilov2Natalya Krivova3Radiophysics Department, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, RussiaRadiophysics Department, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, RussiaRadiophysics Department, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, RussiaInstitute of Biology and Biophysics, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, RussiaTo study physiological reactions in the brain and skin of higher mammals exposed to chronic radiofrequency radiation, specific absorption ratio (SAR) determination is required and time-consuming numerical methods are used. The paper deals with the estimation of the whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) in rats chronically exposed to external electromagnetic fields, as well as the development of a laboratory setup simulating the operation of a fifth-generation 5G New Radio base station (with a signal bandwidth of 15 MHz and a carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz). The paper presents a modified method for theoretical SAR estimation for one-sided irradiation and distributed absorption. Mean whole-body SAR values were estimated by the proposed method and numerically modeled with the CST Microwave Studio simulation software 2020package using primitive rat models. Dielectric parameters in the numerical simulation were used from the software library. The IEEE/IEC 62704-1 algorithm was used to investigate SAR in numerical simulations. The theoretical estimates and numerical simulations were compared for different SAR distributions and were found to be qualitatively comparable. The differences between approximate theoretical estimates and numerical simulations are 7% and 10% for distributed and non-distributed absorptions, respectively. The proposed method, which takes into account the decreasing power flux density, can be used to estimate the approximate whole-body SAR during chronic electromagnetic field exposure in rats.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/1/208dosimetrywhole-body SAR5G NRrats |
| spellingShingle | Ramdas Makhmanazarov Ilya Tseplyaev Sergey Shipilov Natalya Krivova Estimation of SAR Average in Rats during 5G NR Chronic Exposure Applied Sciences dosimetry whole-body SAR 5G NR rats |
| title | Estimation of SAR Average in Rats during 5G NR Chronic Exposure |
| title_full | Estimation of SAR Average in Rats during 5G NR Chronic Exposure |
| title_fullStr | Estimation of SAR Average in Rats during 5G NR Chronic Exposure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimation of SAR Average in Rats during 5G NR Chronic Exposure |
| title_short | Estimation of SAR Average in Rats during 5G NR Chronic Exposure |
| title_sort | estimation of sar average in rats during 5g nr chronic exposure |
| topic | dosimetry whole-body SAR 5G NR rats |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/1/208 |
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