Relative Validity and Reliability of the Remind App as an Image-Based Method to Assess Dietary Intake and Meal Timing in Young Adults
Image-based dietary records have been validated as tools to evaluate dietary intake. However, to determine meal timing, previous studies have relied primarily on image-based smartphone applications without validation. Noteworthy, the validation process is necessary to determine how accurately a test...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/8/1824 |
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| author | Catalina Ramírez-Contreras Andreu Farran-Codina María Fernanda Zerón-Rugerio Maria Izquierdo-Pulido |
| author_facet | Catalina Ramírez-Contreras Andreu Farran-Codina María Fernanda Zerón-Rugerio Maria Izquierdo-Pulido |
| author_sort | Catalina Ramírez-Contreras |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Image-based dietary records have been validated as tools to evaluate dietary intake. However, to determine meal timing, previous studies have relied primarily on image-based smartphone applications without validation. Noteworthy, the validation process is necessary to determine how accurately a test method measures meal timing compared with a reference method over the same time period. Thus, we aimed to assess the relative validity and reliability of the Remind<sup>®</sup> app as an image-based method to assess dietary intake and meal timing. For this purpose, 71 young adults (aged 20–33 years, 81.7% women) were recruited for a 3-day cross-sectional study, where they completed a 3-day image-based record using the Remind app (test method) and a 3-day handwritten food record (reference method). The relative validity of the test method versus the reference method was assessed using multiple tests including Bland–Altman, % difference, paired <i>t</i>-test/Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Pearson/Spearman correlation coefficients, and cross-classification. We also evaluated the reliability of the test method using an intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficient. The results showed that, compared to the reference method, the relative validity of the test method was good for assessing energy and macronutrient intake, as well as meal timing. Meanwhile, the relative validity of the test method to assess micronutrient intake was poor (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for some micronutrients (iron, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, C, and E, and folates) and some food groups (cereals and grains, legumes, tubers, oils, and fats). Regarding the reliability of an image-based method to assess dietary intake and meal timing, results ranged from moderate to excellent (ICC 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.50–1.00) for all nutrients, food groups (except oils and fats, which had low to moderate reliability), and meal timings. Thus, the results obtained in this study provide evidence of the relative validity and reliability of image-based methods to assess dietary intake (energy, macronutrients, and most food groups) and meal timing. These results open up a new framework for chrononutrition, as these methods improve the quality of the data collected and also reduce the burden on users to accurately estimate portion size and the timing of meals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:40:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20b84d05f016422dbdc9fc2e93f1fb39 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:40:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-20b84d05f016422dbdc9fc2e93f1fb392023-11-17T20:44:59ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-04-01158182410.3390/nu15081824Relative Validity and Reliability of the Remind App as an Image-Based Method to Assess Dietary Intake and Meal Timing in Young AdultsCatalina Ramírez-Contreras0Andreu Farran-Codina1María Fernanda Zerón-Rugerio2Maria Izquierdo-Pulido3Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Food Science Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, 08921 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Food Science Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, 08921 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Food Science Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, 08921 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Food Science Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, 08921 Barcelona, SpainImage-based dietary records have been validated as tools to evaluate dietary intake. However, to determine meal timing, previous studies have relied primarily on image-based smartphone applications without validation. Noteworthy, the validation process is necessary to determine how accurately a test method measures meal timing compared with a reference method over the same time period. Thus, we aimed to assess the relative validity and reliability of the Remind<sup>®</sup> app as an image-based method to assess dietary intake and meal timing. For this purpose, 71 young adults (aged 20–33 years, 81.7% women) were recruited for a 3-day cross-sectional study, where they completed a 3-day image-based record using the Remind app (test method) and a 3-day handwritten food record (reference method). The relative validity of the test method versus the reference method was assessed using multiple tests including Bland–Altman, % difference, paired <i>t</i>-test/Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Pearson/Spearman correlation coefficients, and cross-classification. We also evaluated the reliability of the test method using an intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficient. The results showed that, compared to the reference method, the relative validity of the test method was good for assessing energy and macronutrient intake, as well as meal timing. Meanwhile, the relative validity of the test method to assess micronutrient intake was poor (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for some micronutrients (iron, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, C, and E, and folates) and some food groups (cereals and grains, legumes, tubers, oils, and fats). Regarding the reliability of an image-based method to assess dietary intake and meal timing, results ranged from moderate to excellent (ICC 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.50–1.00) for all nutrients, food groups (except oils and fats, which had low to moderate reliability), and meal timings. Thus, the results obtained in this study provide evidence of the relative validity and reliability of image-based methods to assess dietary intake (energy, macronutrients, and most food groups) and meal timing. These results open up a new framework for chrononutrition, as these methods improve the quality of the data collected and also reduce the burden on users to accurately estimate portion size and the timing of meals.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/8/1824dietary intake assessmentmeal timingfood recordimage-based dietary recordsvalidation |
| spellingShingle | Catalina Ramírez-Contreras Andreu Farran-Codina María Fernanda Zerón-Rugerio Maria Izquierdo-Pulido Relative Validity and Reliability of the Remind App as an Image-Based Method to Assess Dietary Intake and Meal Timing in Young Adults Nutrients dietary intake assessment meal timing food record image-based dietary records validation |
| title | Relative Validity and Reliability of the Remind App as an Image-Based Method to Assess Dietary Intake and Meal Timing in Young Adults |
| title_full | Relative Validity and Reliability of the Remind App as an Image-Based Method to Assess Dietary Intake and Meal Timing in Young Adults |
| title_fullStr | Relative Validity and Reliability of the Remind App as an Image-Based Method to Assess Dietary Intake and Meal Timing in Young Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relative Validity and Reliability of the Remind App as an Image-Based Method to Assess Dietary Intake and Meal Timing in Young Adults |
| title_short | Relative Validity and Reliability of the Remind App as an Image-Based Method to Assess Dietary Intake and Meal Timing in Young Adults |
| title_sort | relative validity and reliability of the remind app as an image based method to assess dietary intake and meal timing in young adults |
| topic | dietary intake assessment meal timing food record image-based dietary records validation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/8/1824 |
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