Study on the Quality Control for Periodogram in the Determination of Water Level Using the GNSS-IR Technique
A GNSS station, located on the shore of sea and inland waters, and equipped with standard geodetic receivers and antennas, can be used to measure water levels using a technique called GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR). The classical GNSS-IR method is based on SNR data and LSP spectrum ana...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/20/4524 |
| _version_ | 1828279495213187072 |
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| author | Minfeng Song Xiufeng He Xiaolei Wang Ye Zhou Xueyong Xu |
| author_facet | Minfeng Song Xiufeng He Xiaolei Wang Ye Zhou Xueyong Xu |
| author_sort | Minfeng Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A GNSS station, located on the shore of sea and inland waters, and equipped with standard geodetic receivers and antennas, can be used to measure water levels using a technique called GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR). The classical GNSS-IR method is based on SNR data and LSP spectrum analysis method. In order to promote the application of GNSS-IR, the accuracy of the results needs to be further improved, and quality control needs to be achieved better. Classical quality control methods include denoising filtering based on data source SNR; post-processing filtering based on results; morphological analysis based on parameters, such as the ratio of the maximum peak value to the background noise mean, the ratio of the maximum peak to the sub-peak, and the amplitude of the maximum peak. All three methods have the problem of correct frequency extraction under multiple approximate peak conditions. This paper focuses on the performance analysis of three methods of quality control for two situations with real examples, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and discusses the measures in applications. Considering the limitations in the threshold setting for the third method, a new quality control method combining multiple parameters and external constraints is proposed. This method is more flexible, especially in dealing with a periodogram with multiple similar peaks, breaking through the premise that the frequency corresponding to the maximum peak is the correct frequency, and validated in two different environments. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of the measured water level while ensuring the amount of the results. It eliminates the gross errors effectively and uses the data efficiently. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:45:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20bb7dad1ada4385ae2f35e7653e386c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:45:31Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-20bb7dad1ada4385ae2f35e7653e386c2022-12-22T02:55:42ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-10-011920452410.3390/s19204524s19204524Study on the Quality Control for Periodogram in the Determination of Water Level Using the GNSS-IR TechniqueMinfeng Song0Xiufeng He1Xiaolei Wang2Ye Zhou3Xueyong Xu4School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaSchool of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaSchool of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaHORINCO North Information Control Research Academy Group CO.,Ltd, Nanjing 211100, ChinaHORINCO North Information Control Research Academy Group CO.,Ltd, Nanjing 211100, ChinaA GNSS station, located on the shore of sea and inland waters, and equipped with standard geodetic receivers and antennas, can be used to measure water levels using a technique called GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR). The classical GNSS-IR method is based on SNR data and LSP spectrum analysis method. In order to promote the application of GNSS-IR, the accuracy of the results needs to be further improved, and quality control needs to be achieved better. Classical quality control methods include denoising filtering based on data source SNR; post-processing filtering based on results; morphological analysis based on parameters, such as the ratio of the maximum peak value to the background noise mean, the ratio of the maximum peak to the sub-peak, and the amplitude of the maximum peak. All three methods have the problem of correct frequency extraction under multiple approximate peak conditions. This paper focuses on the performance analysis of three methods of quality control for two situations with real examples, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and discusses the measures in applications. Considering the limitations in the threshold setting for the third method, a new quality control method combining multiple parameters and external constraints is proposed. This method is more flexible, especially in dealing with a periodogram with multiple similar peaks, breaking through the premise that the frequency corresponding to the maximum peak is the correct frequency, and validated in two different environments. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of the measured water level while ensuring the amount of the results. It eliminates the gross errors effectively and uses the data efficiently.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/20/4524gnss-irquality controlwater level measurementsnrgqcs |
| spellingShingle | Minfeng Song Xiufeng He Xiaolei Wang Ye Zhou Xueyong Xu Study on the Quality Control for Periodogram in the Determination of Water Level Using the GNSS-IR Technique Sensors gnss-ir quality control water level measurement snr gqcs |
| title | Study on the Quality Control for Periodogram in the Determination of Water Level Using the GNSS-IR Technique |
| title_full | Study on the Quality Control for Periodogram in the Determination of Water Level Using the GNSS-IR Technique |
| title_fullStr | Study on the Quality Control for Periodogram in the Determination of Water Level Using the GNSS-IR Technique |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on the Quality Control for Periodogram in the Determination of Water Level Using the GNSS-IR Technique |
| title_short | Study on the Quality Control for Periodogram in the Determination of Water Level Using the GNSS-IR Technique |
| title_sort | study on the quality control for periodogram in the determination of water level using the gnss ir technique |
| topic | gnss-ir quality control water level measurement snr gqcs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/20/4524 |
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