Clinico-epidemiology and management of hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) bites in dogs
Abstract Human envenoming from the bite of the abundant hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) (HNPV) is a frequent occurrence with victims experiencing unpleasant and sometimes life-threatening consequences. Further, clinico-pathology, treatment and management measures in HNPV envenomed dogs are under...
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Nature Portfolio
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12386-z |
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| author | Ranjith Adhikari Lalith Suriyagoda Amal D. Premarathna Rando Tuvikene Chandima Mallawa Niranjala De Silva Ashoka Dangolla Indira Silva Indika Gawarammana |
| author_facet | Ranjith Adhikari Lalith Suriyagoda Amal D. Premarathna Rando Tuvikene Chandima Mallawa Niranjala De Silva Ashoka Dangolla Indira Silva Indika Gawarammana |
| author_sort | Ranjith Adhikari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Human envenoming from the bite of the abundant hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) (HNPV) is a frequent occurrence with victims experiencing unpleasant and sometimes life-threatening consequences. Further, clinico-pathology, treatment and management measures in HNPV envenomed dogs are under recognized. Prospective investigations were performed to assess the clinico-pathology and management options for HNPV envenomed dogs brought to the University of Peradeniya’s Veterinary Teaching Hospital from January, 2012 to March 2018. We recorded the local and systemic manifestations, hematological and urinary abnormalities of 78 dogs in which HNPV bite had been witnessed by the owner. Mild swelling, extensive swelling, hemorrhagic blistering and hemorrhagic bullae at the site of bite were observed in 59%, 31%, 6% and 4% of the dogs, respectively. Some dogs were subjected to surgical excision of necrotized tissue including limb amputation. We observed the following systemic clinical effects in envenomed dogs: neurotoxicity (13%), acute kidney injury (AKI) (14%) and coagulopathy (16%). All dogs showed leukocytosis with mean white blood cell count of 25.25 × 103/µL. Mild anemia and thrombocytopenia were detected in 29% of the dogs. There was a significant correlation between extent of local tissue injuries with length of hospitalization (LH). The mean time of coagulopathy observed was 21.3 h (IQR: 8–48 h). In coagulopathic dogs, there was a strong correlation between LH and extent of local tissue injury (r s = 0.7751, P < 0.0001); LH and whole blood clotting time(CT) (rs = 1.0, P < 0.0001); PT and aPTT (r s = 0.4712, P < 0.001). LH was significantly correlated with the development of AKI (p = 0.0013). Lack of specific antivenom (AVS) for HNPV envenoming provided an opportunity to study the remaining treatment options. Therefore, the study allowed the identification of local and systemic effects, hematological abnormalities, possible supportive treatments and drawbacks of management measures for envenomed dogs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:50:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20bd81bedd92411b9342cfce140466e3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:50:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-20bd81bedd92411b9342cfce140466e32022-12-22T02:34:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-05-011211910.1038/s41598-022-12386-zClinico-epidemiology and management of hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) bites in dogsRanjith Adhikari0Lalith Suriyagoda1Amal D. Premarathna2Rando Tuvikene3Chandima Mallawa4Niranjala De Silva5Ashoka Dangolla6Indira Silva7Indika Gawarammana8Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of PeradeniyaDepartment of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of PeradeniyaSchool of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn UniversitySchool of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn UniversityDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of PeradeniyaDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of PeradeniyaDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of PeradeniyaDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of PeradeniyaDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of PeradeniyaAbstract Human envenoming from the bite of the abundant hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) (HNPV) is a frequent occurrence with victims experiencing unpleasant and sometimes life-threatening consequences. Further, clinico-pathology, treatment and management measures in HNPV envenomed dogs are under recognized. Prospective investigations were performed to assess the clinico-pathology and management options for HNPV envenomed dogs brought to the University of Peradeniya’s Veterinary Teaching Hospital from January, 2012 to March 2018. We recorded the local and systemic manifestations, hematological and urinary abnormalities of 78 dogs in which HNPV bite had been witnessed by the owner. Mild swelling, extensive swelling, hemorrhagic blistering and hemorrhagic bullae at the site of bite were observed in 59%, 31%, 6% and 4% of the dogs, respectively. Some dogs were subjected to surgical excision of necrotized tissue including limb amputation. We observed the following systemic clinical effects in envenomed dogs: neurotoxicity (13%), acute kidney injury (AKI) (14%) and coagulopathy (16%). All dogs showed leukocytosis with mean white blood cell count of 25.25 × 103/µL. Mild anemia and thrombocytopenia were detected in 29% of the dogs. There was a significant correlation between extent of local tissue injuries with length of hospitalization (LH). The mean time of coagulopathy observed was 21.3 h (IQR: 8–48 h). In coagulopathic dogs, there was a strong correlation between LH and extent of local tissue injury (r s = 0.7751, P < 0.0001); LH and whole blood clotting time(CT) (rs = 1.0, P < 0.0001); PT and aPTT (r s = 0.4712, P < 0.001). LH was significantly correlated with the development of AKI (p = 0.0013). Lack of specific antivenom (AVS) for HNPV envenoming provided an opportunity to study the remaining treatment options. Therefore, the study allowed the identification of local and systemic effects, hematological abnormalities, possible supportive treatments and drawbacks of management measures for envenomed dogs.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12386-z |
| spellingShingle | Ranjith Adhikari Lalith Suriyagoda Amal D. Premarathna Rando Tuvikene Chandima Mallawa Niranjala De Silva Ashoka Dangolla Indira Silva Indika Gawarammana Clinico-epidemiology and management of hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) bites in dogs Scientific Reports |
| title | Clinico-epidemiology and management of hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) bites in dogs |
| title_full | Clinico-epidemiology and management of hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) bites in dogs |
| title_fullStr | Clinico-epidemiology and management of hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) bites in dogs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinico-epidemiology and management of hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) bites in dogs |
| title_short | Clinico-epidemiology and management of hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) bites in dogs |
| title_sort | clinico epidemiology and management of hump nosed pit viper hypnale spp bites in dogs |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12386-z |
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