A Review of Entomopathogenic Nematodes as a Biological Control Agent for Red Palm Weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
<i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a severe pest of palm trees worldwide. The development and feeding activities of <i>R. ferrugineus</i> larvae inside the trunk damage palm trees. However, the absence of noticeable infestation signs at...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/3/245 |
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| author | Wan Nurashikin-Khairuddin Siti Noor Aishikin Abdul-Hamid Mohammad Saiful Mansor Izwan Bharudin Zulkefley Othman Johari Jalinas |
| author_facet | Wan Nurashikin-Khairuddin Siti Noor Aishikin Abdul-Hamid Mohammad Saiful Mansor Izwan Bharudin Zulkefley Othman Johari Jalinas |
| author_sort | Wan Nurashikin-Khairuddin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a severe pest of palm trees worldwide. The development and feeding activities of <i>R. ferrugineus</i> larvae inside the trunk damage palm trees. However, the absence of noticeable infestation signs at an early stage contributes to the spread of the attack. Integrated pest management (IPM) has been introduced to control <i>R. ferrugineus</i> infestation by implementing various approaches and techniques. The application of chemical pesticides has shown impressive results. However, biological control should be applied as an alternative solution due to adverse environmental impacts and pest resistance issues. One example is the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) as biological control agents, which can forage and attack targeted pests without compromising the environment and other nontarget organisms. EPNs and their symbiotic bacteria have a mutualistic interaction that can kill the host within a short period of time. Therefore, this review emphasizes the effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria against <i>R. ferrugineus</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:39:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20c2d48176a84e98b775812bba8fe013 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:39:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-20c2d48176a84e98b775812bba8fe0132023-11-24T01:43:16ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-02-0113324510.3390/insects13030245A Review of Entomopathogenic Nematodes as a Biological Control Agent for Red Palm Weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)Wan Nurashikin-Khairuddin0Siti Noor Aishikin Abdul-Hamid1Mohammad Saiful Mansor2Izwan Bharudin3Zulkefley Othman4Johari Jalinas5Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43000, Selangor, MalaysiaAgrobiodiversity and Environment Research Centre, MARDI Headquarters, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43000, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43000, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43000, Selangor, Malaysia<i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a severe pest of palm trees worldwide. The development and feeding activities of <i>R. ferrugineus</i> larvae inside the trunk damage palm trees. However, the absence of noticeable infestation signs at an early stage contributes to the spread of the attack. Integrated pest management (IPM) has been introduced to control <i>R. ferrugineus</i> infestation by implementing various approaches and techniques. The application of chemical pesticides has shown impressive results. However, biological control should be applied as an alternative solution due to adverse environmental impacts and pest resistance issues. One example is the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) as biological control agents, which can forage and attack targeted pests without compromising the environment and other nontarget organisms. EPNs and their symbiotic bacteria have a mutualistic interaction that can kill the host within a short period of time. Therefore, this review emphasizes the effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria against <i>R. ferrugineus</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/3/245<i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i>palm infestation<i>Steinernema</i><i>Heterorhabditis</i>symbiotic bacteriabiological control |
| spellingShingle | Wan Nurashikin-Khairuddin Siti Noor Aishikin Abdul-Hamid Mohammad Saiful Mansor Izwan Bharudin Zulkefley Othman Johari Jalinas A Review of Entomopathogenic Nematodes as a Biological Control Agent for Red Palm Weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Insects <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> palm infestation <i>Steinernema</i> <i>Heterorhabditis</i> symbiotic bacteria biological control |
| title | A Review of Entomopathogenic Nematodes as a Biological Control Agent for Red Palm Weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
| title_full | A Review of Entomopathogenic Nematodes as a Biological Control Agent for Red Palm Weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
| title_fullStr | A Review of Entomopathogenic Nematodes as a Biological Control Agent for Red Palm Weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review of Entomopathogenic Nematodes as a Biological Control Agent for Red Palm Weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
| title_short | A Review of Entomopathogenic Nematodes as a Biological Control Agent for Red Palm Weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
| title_sort | review of entomopathogenic nematodes as a biological control agent for red palm weevil i rhynchophorus ferrugineus i coleoptera curculionidae |
| topic | <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> palm infestation <i>Steinernema</i> <i>Heterorhabditis</i> symbiotic bacteria biological control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/3/245 |
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