Pastoral community practices, microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk in the milk value chain of Nakasongola District, Uganda
Abstract The informal milk value chain in Uganda controls most of the raw marketed milk, albeit of poor quality. A study was conducted to assess the milk handling practices, the bacterial quality and the associated health concerns of raw milk along the informal milk value in Nakasongola District. Th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Pastoralism |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-020-0158-4 |
| _version_ | 1797282066133417984 |
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| author | Samuel Majalija Gabriel Tumwine Juliet Kiguli James Bugeza Marvin Apollo Ssemadaali Hebert Brian Kazoora Esther Namukose Muwanguzi Noelina Nantima Richard Tuyiragize |
| author_facet | Samuel Majalija Gabriel Tumwine Juliet Kiguli James Bugeza Marvin Apollo Ssemadaali Hebert Brian Kazoora Esther Namukose Muwanguzi Noelina Nantima Richard Tuyiragize |
| author_sort | Samuel Majalija |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The informal milk value chain in Uganda controls most of the raw marketed milk, albeit of poor quality. A study was conducted to assess the milk handling practices, the bacterial quality and the associated health concerns of raw milk along the informal milk value in Nakasongola District. The cross-sectional study used both qualitative and quantitative methods to obtain information from key players. The qualitative data was categorized and presented into emerging themes. Bacterial contamination of 200 milk samples was determined by morphological and biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility test was done by the disc diffusion method. Hand milking was carried out mainly by men (92.5%), and most never or rarely practised hand washing (67.5%) during milking. Milk was mainly delivered to mobile milk-collecting centres located under tree shades (50%). The quality of raw milk was affected by poor hygienic, handling and transportation practices. Most participants (75%) were aware of the dangers of drinking raw milk and the requirements to transport milk in metallic cans. Viable bacterial counts above the recommended limit were recorded in 76 samples (38%) that included Staphylococcus aureus (46%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (29%), Escherichia coli (12%), Streptococcus agalactiae (8%) and Salmonella spp. (5%). The overall antibiotic resistance was 45% (34/76), which included resistant isolates of S. aureus (17/34), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (11/22), S. agalactiae (3/6), Salmonella spp. (2/4) and E. coli (2/9). The raw milk contaminated with antibiotic drug-resistant bacterial pathogens is of public health concern. Thus, measures to improve the quality of milk need to be designed for the pastoral community in Nakasongola district. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:07:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20c675f07d9842a9b8223e74e83dae6b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-7136 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:07:34Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pastoralism |
| spelling | doaj.art-20c675f07d9842a9b8223e74e83dae6b2024-03-03T02:28:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Pastoralism2041-71362020-02-0110111110.1186/s13570-020-0158-4Pastoral community practices, microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk in the milk value chain of Nakasongola District, UgandaSamuel Majalija0Gabriel Tumwine1Juliet Kiguli2James Bugeza3Marvin Apollo Ssemadaali4Hebert Brian Kazoora5Esther Namukose Muwanguzi6Noelina Nantima7Richard Tuyiragize8School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere UniversitySchool of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere UniversityDepartment of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public HealthSchool of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere UniversitySchool of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere UniversityAfrica Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET)Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of Health, Uganda GovernmentMinistry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF)College of Business and Management Sciences, Makerere UniversityAbstract The informal milk value chain in Uganda controls most of the raw marketed milk, albeit of poor quality. A study was conducted to assess the milk handling practices, the bacterial quality and the associated health concerns of raw milk along the informal milk value in Nakasongola District. The cross-sectional study used both qualitative and quantitative methods to obtain information from key players. The qualitative data was categorized and presented into emerging themes. Bacterial contamination of 200 milk samples was determined by morphological and biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility test was done by the disc diffusion method. Hand milking was carried out mainly by men (92.5%), and most never or rarely practised hand washing (67.5%) during milking. Milk was mainly delivered to mobile milk-collecting centres located under tree shades (50%). The quality of raw milk was affected by poor hygienic, handling and transportation practices. Most participants (75%) were aware of the dangers of drinking raw milk and the requirements to transport milk in metallic cans. Viable bacterial counts above the recommended limit were recorded in 76 samples (38%) that included Staphylococcus aureus (46%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (29%), Escherichia coli (12%), Streptococcus agalactiae (8%) and Salmonella spp. (5%). The overall antibiotic resistance was 45% (34/76), which included resistant isolates of S. aureus (17/34), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (11/22), S. agalactiae (3/6), Salmonella spp. (2/4) and E. coli (2/9). The raw milk contaminated with antibiotic drug-resistant bacterial pathogens is of public health concern. Thus, measures to improve the quality of milk need to be designed for the pastoral community in Nakasongola district.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-020-0158-4Antimicrobial drug resistanceBacterial pathogensCattleFocused group discussionsInformal marketsRaw milk |
| spellingShingle | Samuel Majalija Gabriel Tumwine Juliet Kiguli James Bugeza Marvin Apollo Ssemadaali Hebert Brian Kazoora Esther Namukose Muwanguzi Noelina Nantima Richard Tuyiragize Pastoral community practices, microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk in the milk value chain of Nakasongola District, Uganda Pastoralism Antimicrobial drug resistance Bacterial pathogens Cattle Focused group discussions Informal markets Raw milk |
| title | Pastoral community practices, microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk in the milk value chain of Nakasongola District, Uganda |
| title_full | Pastoral community practices, microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk in the milk value chain of Nakasongola District, Uganda |
| title_fullStr | Pastoral community practices, microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk in the milk value chain of Nakasongola District, Uganda |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pastoral community practices, microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk in the milk value chain of Nakasongola District, Uganda |
| title_short | Pastoral community practices, microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk in the milk value chain of Nakasongola District, Uganda |
| title_sort | pastoral community practices microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk in the milk value chain of nakasongola district uganda |
| topic | Antimicrobial drug resistance Bacterial pathogens Cattle Focused group discussions Informal markets Raw milk |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-020-0158-4 |
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