Optimizing hormonal and amino acid combinations for enhanced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Objective The number of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) is closely associated with the quantity of milk production in dairy cows; however, the optimal levels and the combined effects of hormones and essential amino acids (EAAs) on cell proliferation are not completely understood. Thus, the p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Animal Bioscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.animbiosci.org/upload/pdf/ab-23-0199.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797643514300858368 |
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| author | Hyuk Cheol Kwon Hyun Su Jung Do Hyun Kim Jong Hyeon Han Seo Gu Han Dong Hyun Keum Seong Joon Hong Sung Gu Han |
| author_facet | Hyuk Cheol Kwon Hyun Su Jung Do Hyun Kim Jong Hyeon Han Seo Gu Han Dong Hyun Keum Seong Joon Hong Sung Gu Han |
| author_sort | Hyuk Cheol Kwon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective The number of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) is closely associated with the quantity of milk production in dairy cows; however, the optimal levels and the combined effects of hormones and essential amino acids (EAAs) on cell proliferation are not completely understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the optimal combination of individual hormones and EAAs for cell proliferation and related signaling pathways in BMECs. Methods Immortalized BMECs (MAC-T) were treated with six hormones (insulin, cortisol, progesterone, estrone, 17β-estradiol, and epidermal growth factor) and ten EAAs (arginine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, tryptophan, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, and valine) for 24 h. Results Cells were cultured in a medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) as FBS supplemented at a concentration of 10% to 50% showed a comparable increase in cell proliferation rate. The optimized combination of four hormones (insulin, cortisol, progesterone, and 17β-estradiol) and 20% of a mixture of ten EAAs led to the highest cell proliferation rate, which led to a significant increase in cell cycle progression at the S and G2/M phases, in the protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin B1, cell nucleus staining, and in cell numbers. Conclusion The optimal combination of hormones and EAAs increased BMEC proliferation by enhancing cell cycle progression in the S and G/2M phases. Our findings indicate that optimizing hormone and amino acid levels has the potential to enhance milk production, both in cell culture settings by promoting increased cell numbers, and in dairy cows by regulating feed intake. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T14:15:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20c740b8bf8f48828a71c28526f0a81c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2765-0189 2765-0235 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T14:15:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal Bioscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-20c740b8bf8f48828a71c28526f0a81c2023-11-01T04:58:48ZengAsian-Australasian Association of Animal Production SocietiesAnimal Bioscience2765-01892765-02352023-11-0136111757176810.5713/ab.23.019925107Optimizing hormonal and amino acid combinations for enhanced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in bovine mammary epithelial cellsHyuk Cheol Kwon0Hyun Su Jung1Do Hyun Kim2Jong Hyeon Han3Seo Gu Han4Dong Hyun Keum5Seong Joon Hong6Sung Gu Han7 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaObjective The number of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) is closely associated with the quantity of milk production in dairy cows; however, the optimal levels and the combined effects of hormones and essential amino acids (EAAs) on cell proliferation are not completely understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the optimal combination of individual hormones and EAAs for cell proliferation and related signaling pathways in BMECs. Methods Immortalized BMECs (MAC-T) were treated with six hormones (insulin, cortisol, progesterone, estrone, 17β-estradiol, and epidermal growth factor) and ten EAAs (arginine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, tryptophan, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, and valine) for 24 h. Results Cells were cultured in a medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) as FBS supplemented at a concentration of 10% to 50% showed a comparable increase in cell proliferation rate. The optimized combination of four hormones (insulin, cortisol, progesterone, and 17β-estradiol) and 20% of a mixture of ten EAAs led to the highest cell proliferation rate, which led to a significant increase in cell cycle progression at the S and G2/M phases, in the protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin B1, cell nucleus staining, and in cell numbers. Conclusion The optimal combination of hormones and EAAs increased BMEC proliferation by enhancing cell cycle progression in the S and G/2M phases. Our findings indicate that optimizing hormone and amino acid levels has the potential to enhance milk production, both in cell culture settings by promoting increased cell numbers, and in dairy cows by regulating feed intake.http://www.animbiosci.org/upload/pdf/ab-23-0199.pdfbovine mammary epithelial cellcell cyclecell proliferationessential amino acidhormoneoptimization |
| spellingShingle | Hyuk Cheol Kwon Hyun Su Jung Do Hyun Kim Jong Hyeon Han Seo Gu Han Dong Hyun Keum Seong Joon Hong Sung Gu Han Optimizing hormonal and amino acid combinations for enhanced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in bovine mammary epithelial cells Animal Bioscience bovine mammary epithelial cell cell cycle cell proliferation essential amino acid hormone optimization |
| title | Optimizing hormonal and amino acid combinations for enhanced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in bovine mammary epithelial cells |
| title_full | Optimizing hormonal and amino acid combinations for enhanced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in bovine mammary epithelial cells |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing hormonal and amino acid combinations for enhanced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in bovine mammary epithelial cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing hormonal and amino acid combinations for enhanced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in bovine mammary epithelial cells |
| title_short | Optimizing hormonal and amino acid combinations for enhanced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in bovine mammary epithelial cells |
| title_sort | optimizing hormonal and amino acid combinations for enhanced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in bovine mammary epithelial cells |
| topic | bovine mammary epithelial cell cell cycle cell proliferation essential amino acid hormone optimization |
| url | http://www.animbiosci.org/upload/pdf/ab-23-0199.pdf |
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