Persistent organic compounds in human milk and evaluation of the effectiveness of the Stockholm convention in Mexico
Breast milk is the ideal food for humans, the first 6 months of life. However, due to its lipid content, it may contain persistent organic compounds (POPs). Therefore, the Stockholm Convention established a comparative monitoring of POPs in breast milk in different regions of the world. Objectives:...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Environmental Advances |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666765722000266 |
| _version_ | 1811251523446898688 |
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| author | Carmen Martínez Amparo Martínez Arroyo Dolores Barrientos Alemán Arturo Gavilán García Mario Caba Ana Laura Calderón Garcidueñas Arlene Mora Edgar Zenteno |
| author_facet | Carmen Martínez Amparo Martínez Arroyo Dolores Barrientos Alemán Arturo Gavilán García Mario Caba Ana Laura Calderón Garcidueñas Arlene Mora Edgar Zenteno |
| author_sort | Carmen Martínez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Breast milk is the ideal food for humans, the first 6 months of life. However, due to its lipid content, it may contain persistent organic compounds (POPs). Therefore, the Stockholm Convention established a comparative monitoring of POPs in breast milk in different regions of the world. Objectives: . As part of that project, our goal was to determine the presence and concentration of brominated and chlorinated POPs in breastmilk collected during 2019, from Mexican mothers residing in the agricultural state of Sinaloa. Methods: . Fifty healthy, primiparous women participated, whose milk samples were analyzed according to the WHO protocol, modified by UNEP. Results: . The sum of the concentration of brominated compounds was 13.92 ng/g fat and the highest value corresponded to BDE-47 (7.67 ng/g fat). Among the chlorinated, p.p’-DDE had the highest concentration (537.99 ng/g fat) and the total concentration of DDTs was 622.23 ng/g fat. Among the dioxins and furans, dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like, the highest concentration was found in the dioxin-like PCB 118 (661 ng/g fat). Hexachlorobenzene concentration was also high (6.14 ng/g lipid) in comparison to other chlorinated compounds. Medium and short-chain chlorinated paraffins have a sum concentration of 140 ng/g lipid. Aldrin, Endrin, and Endrin ketone, Mirex, Toxaphene group, endosulfan group, chlordecone, p,p’-dicofol, pentachlorophenol, its metabolite pentachloroanisole and hexachlorobutadiene were not detected. Conclusions: . POPs were detected in all samples analyzed; the individual concentrations of the great majority of POPs appear to be below the limits considered ''safe'' for adults, except for dioxin-like (DL) compounds PCDDs and PCDFs. It should be considered that the susceptibility to toxics is different in an individual newborn, compared to an adult, in such a way that the sum, or empowerment of POPs even at low concentrations can result in permanent damage to the product. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:21:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20d07bffbf1d4b37a9f1b1b4d40423c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-7657 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:21:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Advances |
| spelling | doaj.art-20d07bffbf1d4b37a9f1b1b4d40423c32022-12-22T03:25:33ZengElsevierEnvironmental Advances2666-76572022-07-018100190Persistent organic compounds in human milk and evaluation of the effectiveness of the Stockholm convention in MexicoCarmen Martínez0Amparo Martínez Arroyo1Dolores Barrientos Alemán2Arturo Gavilán García3Mario Caba4Ana Laura Calderón Garcidueñas5Arlene Mora6Edgar Zenteno7Unidad de Investigación en Ambiente y Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Sinaloa, México; Corresponding author.Instituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático, Ciudad México, MéxicoRepresentante en México del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (ONU Medio Ambiente)Instituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático, Ciudad México, MéxicoCentro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, MéxicoFacultad de medicina, Universidad Veracruzana, Agustín de Iturbide S/N, Zona Centro, Veracruz, MéxicoUnidad de Investigación en Ambiente y Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Sinaloa, MéxicoDepartamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, MéxicoBreast milk is the ideal food for humans, the first 6 months of life. However, due to its lipid content, it may contain persistent organic compounds (POPs). Therefore, the Stockholm Convention established a comparative monitoring of POPs in breast milk in different regions of the world. Objectives: . As part of that project, our goal was to determine the presence and concentration of brominated and chlorinated POPs in breastmilk collected during 2019, from Mexican mothers residing in the agricultural state of Sinaloa. Methods: . Fifty healthy, primiparous women participated, whose milk samples were analyzed according to the WHO protocol, modified by UNEP. Results: . The sum of the concentration of brominated compounds was 13.92 ng/g fat and the highest value corresponded to BDE-47 (7.67 ng/g fat). Among the chlorinated, p.p’-DDE had the highest concentration (537.99 ng/g fat) and the total concentration of DDTs was 622.23 ng/g fat. Among the dioxins and furans, dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like, the highest concentration was found in the dioxin-like PCB 118 (661 ng/g fat). Hexachlorobenzene concentration was also high (6.14 ng/g lipid) in comparison to other chlorinated compounds. Medium and short-chain chlorinated paraffins have a sum concentration of 140 ng/g lipid. Aldrin, Endrin, and Endrin ketone, Mirex, Toxaphene group, endosulfan group, chlordecone, p,p’-dicofol, pentachlorophenol, its metabolite pentachloroanisole and hexachlorobutadiene were not detected. Conclusions: . POPs were detected in all samples analyzed; the individual concentrations of the great majority of POPs appear to be below the limits considered ''safe'' for adults, except for dioxin-like (DL) compounds PCDDs and PCDFs. It should be considered that the susceptibility to toxics is different in an individual newborn, compared to an adult, in such a way that the sum, or empowerment of POPs even at low concentrations can result in permanent damage to the product.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666765722000266Human milkDioxinsDDTBrominated compoundsOrganochlorine compoundsBreastfeeding |
| spellingShingle | Carmen Martínez Amparo Martínez Arroyo Dolores Barrientos Alemán Arturo Gavilán García Mario Caba Ana Laura Calderón Garcidueñas Arlene Mora Edgar Zenteno Persistent organic compounds in human milk and evaluation of the effectiveness of the Stockholm convention in Mexico Environmental Advances Human milk Dioxins DDT Brominated compounds Organochlorine compounds Breastfeeding |
| title | Persistent organic compounds in human milk and evaluation of the effectiveness of the Stockholm convention in Mexico |
| title_full | Persistent organic compounds in human milk and evaluation of the effectiveness of the Stockholm convention in Mexico |
| title_fullStr | Persistent organic compounds in human milk and evaluation of the effectiveness of the Stockholm convention in Mexico |
| title_full_unstemmed | Persistent organic compounds in human milk and evaluation of the effectiveness of the Stockholm convention in Mexico |
| title_short | Persistent organic compounds in human milk and evaluation of the effectiveness of the Stockholm convention in Mexico |
| title_sort | persistent organic compounds in human milk and evaluation of the effectiveness of the stockholm convention in mexico |
| topic | Human milk Dioxins DDT Brominated compounds Organochlorine compounds Breastfeeding |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666765722000266 |
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