Physical Activity and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Aging Decay: Modulation of Pathways in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Bones and the skeletal muscle play a key role in human physiology as regulators of metabolism in the whole organism. Bone tissue is identified as a complex and dynamic living unit that could react to physical activity. Hormones, growth factors, signaling...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/6/767 |
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| author | Federica Vita Sebastiano Gangemi Giovanni Pioggia Fabio Trimarchi Debora Di Mauro |
| author_facet | Federica Vita Sebastiano Gangemi Giovanni Pioggia Fabio Trimarchi Debora Di Mauro |
| author_sort | Federica Vita |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: Bones and the skeletal muscle play a key role in human physiology as regulators of metabolism in the whole organism. Bone tissue is identified as a complex and dynamic living unit that could react to physical activity. Hormones, growth factors, signaling factors, and environmental factors control osteogenesis, and it could be regulated at a post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can interfere with mRNAs translation. Increasing data suggest that miRNAs, through different pathways, are involved in the regulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiation and physical activity-induced bone remodeling. The purpose of this narrative review is to investigate the potential protective role played by physical activity in affecting miRNAs expression in close tissues and elaborate on the complex network of interplay that could drive various metabolic responses of the bone to physical activity. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> A bibliographic search of the scientific literature was carried out in scientific databases to investigate the possible effect of physical activity on age-related features detected in the musculoskeletal system. <i>Results</i>: Several studies suggested that the musculoskeletal system interacting at a biomolecular level could establish crosstalk between bone and muscle in an endocrine or paracrine way through myokines released by muscle at the periosteal interface or in the bloodstream, such as irisin. Mechanical stimuli have a key role in bone formation and resorption, increasing osteogenesis and downregulating adipogenesis of BMSC via regulation of expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), respectively. <i>Conclusions:</i> Increasing data suggest that miRNAs, through different pathways, are involved in the regulation of BMSCs differentiation and physical activity-induced bone remodeling. Modulation of miRNAs following physical exercise represents an interesting field of investigation since these non-coding RNAs may be considered defenders against degenerative diseases and as well as useful prognostic markers in skeletal and muscle-skeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:06:36Z |
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| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:06:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-20e4efbe4dfc4c5398e3e9e592c2368d2023-11-23T17:52:15ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442022-06-0158676710.3390/medicina58060767Physical Activity and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Aging Decay: Modulation of Pathways in Postmenopausal OsteoporosisFederica Vita0Sebastiano Gangemi1Giovanni Pioggia2Fabio Trimarchi3Debora Di Mauro4Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyUnit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyInstitute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, AOU “G. Martino”, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, AOU “G. Martino”, 98125 Messina, Italy<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Bones and the skeletal muscle play a key role in human physiology as regulators of metabolism in the whole organism. Bone tissue is identified as a complex and dynamic living unit that could react to physical activity. Hormones, growth factors, signaling factors, and environmental factors control osteogenesis, and it could be regulated at a post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can interfere with mRNAs translation. Increasing data suggest that miRNAs, through different pathways, are involved in the regulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiation and physical activity-induced bone remodeling. The purpose of this narrative review is to investigate the potential protective role played by physical activity in affecting miRNAs expression in close tissues and elaborate on the complex network of interplay that could drive various metabolic responses of the bone to physical activity. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> A bibliographic search of the scientific literature was carried out in scientific databases to investigate the possible effect of physical activity on age-related features detected in the musculoskeletal system. <i>Results</i>: Several studies suggested that the musculoskeletal system interacting at a biomolecular level could establish crosstalk between bone and muscle in an endocrine or paracrine way through myokines released by muscle at the periosteal interface or in the bloodstream, such as irisin. Mechanical stimuli have a key role in bone formation and resorption, increasing osteogenesis and downregulating adipogenesis of BMSC via regulation of expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), respectively. <i>Conclusions:</i> Increasing data suggest that miRNAs, through different pathways, are involved in the regulation of BMSCs differentiation and physical activity-induced bone remodeling. Modulation of miRNAs following physical exercise represents an interesting field of investigation since these non-coding RNAs may be considered defenders against degenerative diseases and as well as useful prognostic markers in skeletal and muscle-skeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/6/767osteoporosisphysical activitymiRNAstrainingirisinhigh-intensity interval exercise |
| spellingShingle | Federica Vita Sebastiano Gangemi Giovanni Pioggia Fabio Trimarchi Debora Di Mauro Physical Activity and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Aging Decay: Modulation of Pathways in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Medicina osteoporosis physical activity miRNAs training irisin high-intensity interval exercise |
| title | Physical Activity and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Aging Decay: Modulation of Pathways in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis |
| title_full | Physical Activity and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Aging Decay: Modulation of Pathways in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis |
| title_fullStr | Physical Activity and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Aging Decay: Modulation of Pathways in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physical Activity and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Aging Decay: Modulation of Pathways in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis |
| title_short | Physical Activity and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Aging Decay: Modulation of Pathways in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis |
| title_sort | physical activity and post transcriptional regulation of aging decay modulation of pathways in postmenopausal osteoporosis |
| topic | osteoporosis physical activity miRNAs training irisin high-intensity interval exercise |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/6/767 |
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