Driving With Hemianopia X: Effects of Cross Traffic on Gaze Behaviors and Pedestrian Responses at Intersections
PurposeWe conducted a driving simulator study to investigate the effects of monitoring intersection cross traffic on gaze behaviors and responses to pedestrians by drivers with hemianopic field loss (HFL).MethodsSixteen HFL and sixteen normal vision (NV) participants completed two drives in an urban...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.938140/full |
| _version_ | 1818518960064167936 |
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| author | Jing Xu Jing Xu Jing Xu Vilte Baliutaviciute Garrett Swan Garrett Swan Alex R. Bowers Alex R. Bowers |
| author_facet | Jing Xu Jing Xu Jing Xu Vilte Baliutaviciute Garrett Swan Garrett Swan Alex R. Bowers Alex R. Bowers |
| author_sort | Jing Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PurposeWe conducted a driving simulator study to investigate the effects of monitoring intersection cross traffic on gaze behaviors and responses to pedestrians by drivers with hemianopic field loss (HFL).MethodsSixteen HFL and sixteen normal vision (NV) participants completed two drives in an urban environment. At 30 intersections, a pedestrian ran across the road when the participant entered the intersection, requiring a braking response to avoid a collision. Intersections with these pedestrian events had either (1) no cross traffic, (2) one approaching car from the side opposite the pedestrian location, or (3) two approaching cars, one from each side at the same time.ResultsOverall, HFL drivers made more (p < 0.001) and larger (p = 0.016) blind- than seeing-side scans and looked at the majority (>80%) of cross-traffic on both the blind and seeing sides. They made more numerous and larger gaze scans (p < 0.001) when they fixated cars on both sides (compared to one or no cars) and had lower rates of unsafe responses to blind- but not seeing-side pedestrians (interaction, p = 0.037). They were more likely to demonstrate compensatory blind-side fixation behaviors (faster time to fixate and longer fixation durations) when there was no car on the seeing side. Fixation behaviors and unsafe response rates were most similar to those of NV drivers when cars were fixated on both sides.ConclusionFor HFL participants, making more scans, larger scans and safer responses to pedestrians crossing from the blind side were associated with looking at cross traffic from both directions. Thus, cross traffic might serve as a reminder to scan and provide a reference point to guide blind-side scanning of drivers with HFL. Proactively checking for cross-traffic cars from both sides could be an important safety practice for drivers with HFL. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:17:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20eedf98e54d43d5bb693d643164b2e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5161 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:17:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-20eedf98e54d43d5bb693d643164b2e92022-12-22T01:25:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612022-07-011610.3389/fnhum.2022.938140938140Driving With Hemianopia X: Effects of Cross Traffic on Gaze Behaviors and Pedestrian Responses at IntersectionsJing Xu0Jing Xu1Jing Xu2Vilte Baliutaviciute3Garrett Swan4Garrett Swan5Alex R. Bowers6Alex R. Bowers7Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United StatesEnvision Research Institute, Wichita, KS, United StatesSchepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United StatesSchepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United StatesSchepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United StatesPurposeWe conducted a driving simulator study to investigate the effects of monitoring intersection cross traffic on gaze behaviors and responses to pedestrians by drivers with hemianopic field loss (HFL).MethodsSixteen HFL and sixteen normal vision (NV) participants completed two drives in an urban environment. At 30 intersections, a pedestrian ran across the road when the participant entered the intersection, requiring a braking response to avoid a collision. Intersections with these pedestrian events had either (1) no cross traffic, (2) one approaching car from the side opposite the pedestrian location, or (3) two approaching cars, one from each side at the same time.ResultsOverall, HFL drivers made more (p < 0.001) and larger (p = 0.016) blind- than seeing-side scans and looked at the majority (>80%) of cross-traffic on both the blind and seeing sides. They made more numerous and larger gaze scans (p < 0.001) when they fixated cars on both sides (compared to one or no cars) and had lower rates of unsafe responses to blind- but not seeing-side pedestrians (interaction, p = 0.037). They were more likely to demonstrate compensatory blind-side fixation behaviors (faster time to fixate and longer fixation durations) when there was no car on the seeing side. Fixation behaviors and unsafe response rates were most similar to those of NV drivers when cars were fixated on both sides.ConclusionFor HFL participants, making more scans, larger scans and safer responses to pedestrians crossing from the blind side were associated with looking at cross traffic from both directions. Thus, cross traffic might serve as a reminder to scan and provide a reference point to guide blind-side scanning of drivers with HFL. Proactively checking for cross-traffic cars from both sides could be an important safety practice for drivers with HFL.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.938140/fulldrivinghemianopiacross trafficgaze behaviorvisual field lossintersection |
| spellingShingle | Jing Xu Jing Xu Jing Xu Vilte Baliutaviciute Garrett Swan Garrett Swan Alex R. Bowers Alex R. Bowers Driving With Hemianopia X: Effects of Cross Traffic on Gaze Behaviors and Pedestrian Responses at Intersections Frontiers in Human Neuroscience driving hemianopia cross traffic gaze behavior visual field loss intersection |
| title | Driving With Hemianopia X: Effects of Cross Traffic on Gaze Behaviors and Pedestrian Responses at Intersections |
| title_full | Driving With Hemianopia X: Effects of Cross Traffic on Gaze Behaviors and Pedestrian Responses at Intersections |
| title_fullStr | Driving With Hemianopia X: Effects of Cross Traffic on Gaze Behaviors and Pedestrian Responses at Intersections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Driving With Hemianopia X: Effects of Cross Traffic on Gaze Behaviors and Pedestrian Responses at Intersections |
| title_short | Driving With Hemianopia X: Effects of Cross Traffic on Gaze Behaviors and Pedestrian Responses at Intersections |
| title_sort | driving with hemianopia x effects of cross traffic on gaze behaviors and pedestrian responses at intersections |
| topic | driving hemianopia cross traffic gaze behavior visual field loss intersection |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.938140/full |
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