Tracers for non-invasive radionuclide imaging of immune checkpoint expression in cancer

Abstract Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors demonstrates impressive improvements in the treatment of several types of cancer. Unfortunately, not all patients respond to therapy while severe immune-related adverse effects are prevalent. Currently, patient stratification is based on immunotherap...

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Main Authors: Peter Wierstra, Gerwin Sandker, Erik Aarntzen, Martin Gotthardt, Gosse Adema, Johan Bussink, René Raavé, Sandra Heskamp
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2019-11-01
Series:EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry
Subjects:
Online Access:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41181-019-0078-z
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author Peter Wierstra
Gerwin Sandker
Erik Aarntzen
Martin Gotthardt
Gosse Adema
Johan Bussink
René Raavé
Sandra Heskamp
author_facet Peter Wierstra
Gerwin Sandker
Erik Aarntzen
Martin Gotthardt
Gosse Adema
Johan Bussink
René Raavé
Sandra Heskamp
author_sort Peter Wierstra
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors demonstrates impressive improvements in the treatment of several types of cancer. Unfortunately, not all patients respond to therapy while severe immune-related adverse effects are prevalent. Currently, patient stratification is based on immunotherapy marker expression through immunohistochemical analysis on biopsied material. However, expression can be heterogeneous within and between tumor lesions, amplifying the sampling limitations of biopsies. Analysis of immunotherapy target expression by non-invasive quantitative molecular imaging with PET or SPECT may overcome this issue. In this review, an overview of tracers that have been developed for preclinical and clinical imaging of key immunotherapy targets, such as programmed cell death-1, programmed cell death ligand-1, IDO1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 is presented. We discuss important aspects to consider when developing such tracers and outline the future perspectives of molecular imaging of immunotherapy markers. Graphical abstract Current techniques in immune checkpoint imaging and its potential for future applications
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spelling doaj.art-20f31596bfc0426dafc57c35de5ebd0a2022-12-22T00:57:54ZengSpringerOpenEJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry2365-421X2019-11-014112010.1186/s41181-019-0078-zTracers for non-invasive radionuclide imaging of immune checkpoint expression in cancerPeter Wierstra0Gerwin Sandker1Erik Aarntzen2Martin Gotthardt3Gosse Adema4Johan Bussink5René Raavé6Sandra Heskamp7Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesAbstract Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors demonstrates impressive improvements in the treatment of several types of cancer. Unfortunately, not all patients respond to therapy while severe immune-related adverse effects are prevalent. Currently, patient stratification is based on immunotherapy marker expression through immunohistochemical analysis on biopsied material. However, expression can be heterogeneous within and between tumor lesions, amplifying the sampling limitations of biopsies. Analysis of immunotherapy target expression by non-invasive quantitative molecular imaging with PET or SPECT may overcome this issue. In this review, an overview of tracers that have been developed for preclinical and clinical imaging of key immunotherapy targets, such as programmed cell death-1, programmed cell death ligand-1, IDO1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 is presented. We discuss important aspects to consider when developing such tracers and outline the future perspectives of molecular imaging of immunotherapy markers. Graphical abstract Current techniques in immune checkpoint imaging and its potential for future applicationshttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41181-019-0078-zImmune checkpointImmune checkpoint imagingTumor expressionPETSPECTPD-1
spellingShingle Peter Wierstra
Gerwin Sandker
Erik Aarntzen
Martin Gotthardt
Gosse Adema
Johan Bussink
René Raavé
Sandra Heskamp
Tracers for non-invasive radionuclide imaging of immune checkpoint expression in cancer
EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry
Immune checkpoint
Immune checkpoint imaging
Tumor expression
PET
SPECT
PD-1
title Tracers for non-invasive radionuclide imaging of immune checkpoint expression in cancer
title_full Tracers for non-invasive radionuclide imaging of immune checkpoint expression in cancer
title_fullStr Tracers for non-invasive radionuclide imaging of immune checkpoint expression in cancer
title_full_unstemmed Tracers for non-invasive radionuclide imaging of immune checkpoint expression in cancer
title_short Tracers for non-invasive radionuclide imaging of immune checkpoint expression in cancer
title_sort tracers for non invasive radionuclide imaging of immune checkpoint expression in cancer
topic Immune checkpoint
Immune checkpoint imaging
Tumor expression
PET
SPECT
PD-1
url http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41181-019-0078-z
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