Determination of the Phenolic Profile by Liquid Chromatography, Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Moroccan <i>Erica multiflora, Erica scoparia</i>, and <i>Calluna vulgaris</i> (<i>Ericaceae</i>)
This study aimed to investigate the phenolic profile and selected biological activities of the leaf and aerial extracts of three <i>Ericaceae</i> species, namely <i>Erica multiflora</i>, <i>Erica scoparia</i>, and <i>Calluna vulgaris</i>, collected fro...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/13/3979 |
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| author | Douaa Bekkai Yassine Oulad El Majdoub Hamid Bekkai Francesco Cacciola Natalizia Miceli Maria Fernanda Taviano Emilia Cavò Tomader Errabii Roberto Laganà Vinci Luigi Mondello Mohammed L’Bachir El Kbiach |
| author_facet | Douaa Bekkai Yassine Oulad El Majdoub Hamid Bekkai Francesco Cacciola Natalizia Miceli Maria Fernanda Taviano Emilia Cavò Tomader Errabii Roberto Laganà Vinci Luigi Mondello Mohammed L’Bachir El Kbiach |
| author_sort | Douaa Bekkai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to investigate the phenolic profile and selected biological activities of the leaf and aerial extracts of three <i>Ericaceae</i> species, namely <i>Erica multiflora</i>, <i>Erica scoparia</i>, and <i>Calluna vulgaris</i>, collected from three different places in the north of Morocco. The phenolic composition of all extracts was determined by LC coupled with photodiode array and mass spectrometry detection. Among the investigated extracts, that of <i>E. scoparia</i> aerial parts was the richest one, with a total amount of polyphenols of 9528.93 mg/kg. Up to 59 phenolic compounds were detected: 52 were positively identified and 49 quantified—11 in <i>C. vulgaris</i>, 14 in <i>E. multiflora</i>, and 24 in <i>E. scoparia</i>. In terms of chemical classes, nine were phenolic acids and 43 were flavonoids, and among them, the majority belonged to the class of flavonols. The antioxidant activity of all extracts was investigated by three different in vitro methods, namely DPPH, reducing power, and Fe<sup>2+</sup> chelating assays; <i>E. scoparia</i> aerial part extract was the most active, with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.142 ± 0.014 mg/mL (DPPH test) and 1.898 ± 0.056 ASE/mL (reducing power assay). Further, all extracts were non-toxic against <i>Artemia salina</i>, thus indicating their potential safety. The findings attained in this work for such Moroccan <i>Ericaceae</i> species, never investigated so far, bring novelty to the field and show them to be valuable sources of phenolic compounds with interesting primary antioxidant properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:01:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20f5692604c748829ae95ec4b49bd05d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:01:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-20f5692604c748829ae95ec4b49bd05d2023-12-03T14:12:46ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-06-012713397910.3390/molecules27133979Determination of the Phenolic Profile by Liquid Chromatography, Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Moroccan <i>Erica multiflora, Erica scoparia</i>, and <i>Calluna vulgaris</i> (<i>Ericaceae</i>)Douaa Bekkai0Yassine Oulad El Majdoub1Hamid Bekkai2Francesco Cacciola3Natalizia Miceli4Maria Fernanda Taviano5Emilia Cavò6Tomader Errabii7Roberto Laganà Vinci8Luigi Mondello9Mohammed L’Bachir El Kbiach10Team of Plant Biotechnology, Biology Department, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, MoroccoDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, ItalyChemistry Department, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, MoroccoDepartment of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, ItalyTeam of Plant Biotechnology, Biology Department, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, MoroccoDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, ItalyTeam of Plant Biotechnology, Biology Department, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, MoroccoThis study aimed to investigate the phenolic profile and selected biological activities of the leaf and aerial extracts of three <i>Ericaceae</i> species, namely <i>Erica multiflora</i>, <i>Erica scoparia</i>, and <i>Calluna vulgaris</i>, collected from three different places in the north of Morocco. The phenolic composition of all extracts was determined by LC coupled with photodiode array and mass spectrometry detection. Among the investigated extracts, that of <i>E. scoparia</i> aerial parts was the richest one, with a total amount of polyphenols of 9528.93 mg/kg. Up to 59 phenolic compounds were detected: 52 were positively identified and 49 quantified—11 in <i>C. vulgaris</i>, 14 in <i>E. multiflora</i>, and 24 in <i>E. scoparia</i>. In terms of chemical classes, nine were phenolic acids and 43 were flavonoids, and among them, the majority belonged to the class of flavonols. The antioxidant activity of all extracts was investigated by three different in vitro methods, namely DPPH, reducing power, and Fe<sup>2+</sup> chelating assays; <i>E. scoparia</i> aerial part extract was the most active, with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.142 ± 0.014 mg/mL (DPPH test) and 1.898 ± 0.056 ASE/mL (reducing power assay). Further, all extracts were non-toxic against <i>Artemia salina</i>, thus indicating their potential safety. The findings attained in this work for such Moroccan <i>Ericaceae</i> species, never investigated so far, bring novelty to the field and show them to be valuable sources of phenolic compounds with interesting primary antioxidant properties.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/13/3979<i>Ericaceae</i>LC–DAD/ESI–MSphenolic compoundsflavonoidsantioxidant activity<i>Artemia salina</i> Leach |
| spellingShingle | Douaa Bekkai Yassine Oulad El Majdoub Hamid Bekkai Francesco Cacciola Natalizia Miceli Maria Fernanda Taviano Emilia Cavò Tomader Errabii Roberto Laganà Vinci Luigi Mondello Mohammed L’Bachir El Kbiach Determination of the Phenolic Profile by Liquid Chromatography, Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Moroccan <i>Erica multiflora, Erica scoparia</i>, and <i>Calluna vulgaris</i> (<i>Ericaceae</i>) Molecules <i>Ericaceae</i> LC–DAD/ESI–MS phenolic compounds flavonoids antioxidant activity <i>Artemia salina</i> Leach |
| title | Determination of the Phenolic Profile by Liquid Chromatography, Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Moroccan <i>Erica multiflora, Erica scoparia</i>, and <i>Calluna vulgaris</i> (<i>Ericaceae</i>) |
| title_full | Determination of the Phenolic Profile by Liquid Chromatography, Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Moroccan <i>Erica multiflora, Erica scoparia</i>, and <i>Calluna vulgaris</i> (<i>Ericaceae</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Determination of the Phenolic Profile by Liquid Chromatography, Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Moroccan <i>Erica multiflora, Erica scoparia</i>, and <i>Calluna vulgaris</i> (<i>Ericaceae</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of the Phenolic Profile by Liquid Chromatography, Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Moroccan <i>Erica multiflora, Erica scoparia</i>, and <i>Calluna vulgaris</i> (<i>Ericaceae</i>) |
| title_short | Determination of the Phenolic Profile by Liquid Chromatography, Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Moroccan <i>Erica multiflora, Erica scoparia</i>, and <i>Calluna vulgaris</i> (<i>Ericaceae</i>) |
| title_sort | determination of the phenolic profile by liquid chromatography evaluation of antioxidant activity and toxicity of moroccan i erica multiflora erica scoparia i and i calluna vulgaris i i ericaceae i |
| topic | <i>Ericaceae</i> LC–DAD/ESI–MS phenolic compounds flavonoids antioxidant activity <i>Artemia salina</i> Leach |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/13/3979 |
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