Conservation Voltage Reduction in Modern Power Systems: Applications, Implementation, Quantification, and AI-Assisted Techniques
Conservation voltage reduction (CVR) is a potentially effective and efficient technique for inertia synthesis and frequency support in modern grids comprising power electronics (PE)-based components, aiming to improve dynamic stability. However, due to the complexities of PE-based grids, implementin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/5/2502 |
| _version_ | 1797615363603562496 |
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| author | Alireza Gorjian Mohsen Eskandari Mohammad H. Moradi |
| author_facet | Alireza Gorjian Mohsen Eskandari Mohammad H. Moradi |
| author_sort | Alireza Gorjian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Conservation voltage reduction (CVR) is a potentially effective and efficient technique for inertia synthesis and frequency support in modern grids comprising power electronics (PE)-based components, aiming to improve dynamic stability. However, due to the complexities of PE-based grids, implementing the CVR methods cannot be performed using traditional techniques as in conventional power systems. Further, quantifying the CVR impacts in modern grids, while focusing on dynamic time scales, is critical, consequently making the traditional methods deficient. This is an important issue as CVR utilization/quantification depends on grid conditions and CVR applications. Considering these concerns, this work offers a thorough analysis of CVR applications, implementation, and quantification strategies, including data-driven AI-based methods in PE-based modern grids. To assess the CVR applications from a new perspective, aiming to choose the proper implementation and quantification techniques, they are divided into categories depending on various time scales. CVR implementation methods are categorized into techniques applied to PE-based grids and islanded microgrids (MGs) where different control systems are adopted. Additionally, to address the evaluation issues in modern grids, CVR quantification techniques, including machine learning- and deep learning-based techniques and online perturbation-based methods are evaluated and divided based on the CVR application. Concerns with the further utilizing and measuring of CVR impacts in modern power systems are discussed in the future trends section, where new research areas are suggested. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:25:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20f65f52c6e845edbe89c7d319585e13 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:25:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-20f65f52c6e845edbe89c7d319585e132023-11-17T07:39:29ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-03-01165250210.3390/en16052502Conservation Voltage Reduction in Modern Power Systems: Applications, Implementation, Quantification, and AI-Assisted TechniquesAlireza Gorjian0Mohsen Eskandari1Mohammad H. Moradi2Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6516738695, IranThe School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6516738695, IranConservation voltage reduction (CVR) is a potentially effective and efficient technique for inertia synthesis and frequency support in modern grids comprising power electronics (PE)-based components, aiming to improve dynamic stability. However, due to the complexities of PE-based grids, implementing the CVR methods cannot be performed using traditional techniques as in conventional power systems. Further, quantifying the CVR impacts in modern grids, while focusing on dynamic time scales, is critical, consequently making the traditional methods deficient. This is an important issue as CVR utilization/quantification depends on grid conditions and CVR applications. Considering these concerns, this work offers a thorough analysis of CVR applications, implementation, and quantification strategies, including data-driven AI-based methods in PE-based modern grids. To assess the CVR applications from a new perspective, aiming to choose the proper implementation and quantification techniques, they are divided into categories depending on various time scales. CVR implementation methods are categorized into techniques applied to PE-based grids and islanded microgrids (MGs) where different control systems are adopted. Additionally, to address the evaluation issues in modern grids, CVR quantification techniques, including machine learning- and deep learning-based techniques and online perturbation-based methods are evaluated and divided based on the CVR application. Concerns with the further utilizing and measuring of CVR impacts in modern power systems are discussed in the future trends section, where new research areas are suggested.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/5/2502AIconservation voltage reduction (CVR)dynamics frequency supportpower electronics (PE)-based gridsmicrogrid (MG)inverter-interfaced distributed generation units (IIDGs) |
| spellingShingle | Alireza Gorjian Mohsen Eskandari Mohammad H. Moradi Conservation Voltage Reduction in Modern Power Systems: Applications, Implementation, Quantification, and AI-Assisted Techniques Energies AI conservation voltage reduction (CVR) dynamics frequency support power electronics (PE)-based grids microgrid (MG) inverter-interfaced distributed generation units (IIDGs) |
| title | Conservation Voltage Reduction in Modern Power Systems: Applications, Implementation, Quantification, and AI-Assisted Techniques |
| title_full | Conservation Voltage Reduction in Modern Power Systems: Applications, Implementation, Quantification, and AI-Assisted Techniques |
| title_fullStr | Conservation Voltage Reduction in Modern Power Systems: Applications, Implementation, Quantification, and AI-Assisted Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Conservation Voltage Reduction in Modern Power Systems: Applications, Implementation, Quantification, and AI-Assisted Techniques |
| title_short | Conservation Voltage Reduction in Modern Power Systems: Applications, Implementation, Quantification, and AI-Assisted Techniques |
| title_sort | conservation voltage reduction in modern power systems applications implementation quantification and ai assisted techniques |
| topic | AI conservation voltage reduction (CVR) dynamics frequency support power electronics (PE)-based grids microgrid (MG) inverter-interfaced distributed generation units (IIDGs) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/5/2502 |
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