The speed of kill of fluralaner (Bravecto™) against Ixodes ricinus ticks on dogs
Abstract Background Pathogens that are transmitted by ticks to dogs, such as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu latu, and Ehrlichia canis, are an increasing problem in the world. One method to prevent pathogen transmission to dogs is to kill the ticks before transmis...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2014-11-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-014-0525-3 |
| _version_ | 1797811594998054912 |
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| author | Christina Wengenmayer Heike Williams Eva Zschiesche Andreas Moritz Judith Langenstein Rainer KA Roepke Anja R Heckeroth |
| author_facet | Christina Wengenmayer Heike Williams Eva Zschiesche Andreas Moritz Judith Langenstein Rainer KA Roepke Anja R Heckeroth |
| author_sort | Christina Wengenmayer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Pathogens that are transmitted by ticks to dogs, such as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu latu, and Ehrlichia canis, are an increasing problem in the world. One method to prevent pathogen transmission to dogs is to kill the ticks before transmission occurs. Fluralaner (Bravecto™) is a novel isoxazoline insecticide and acaricide that provides long persistent antiparasitic activity following systemic administration. This study investigated the speed of kill of fluralaner against Ixodes ricinus ticks on dogs. Methods A total of 48 dogs were randomized to 8 groups of 6 dogs and each dog was infested with 50 female and 10 male I. ricinus ticks. Two days later (day 0), 4 groups received a single treatment of 25 mg fluralaner/kg body weight as Bravecto™ chewable tablets; the dogs in the other 4 groups were left untreated. Separate control and treatment groups were paired at each time point (4, 8, 12, or 24 hours after treatment) for assessment of tick-killing efficacy. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment, all dogs were re-infested with 50 female I. ricinus ticks and subsequently assessed for live or dead ticks at either 4, 8, 12, or 24 hours after re-infestation. Efficacy was calculated for each assessment time point by comparison of the treatment group with the respective control group. Results Tick-killing efficacy was 89.6% at 4 hours, 97.9% at 8 hours, and 100% at 12 and 24 hours after treatment. Eight hours after re-infestation, efficacy was 96.8%, 83.5%, and 45.8% at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment, respectively. At least 98.1% tick-killing efficacy was demonstrated 12 and 24 hours after re-infestation over the entire 12 week study period. Conclusions Fluralaner kills ticks rapidly after treatment at 4 hours, and over its entire 12-week period of efficacy, it achieves an almost complete killing effect within 12 hours after tick infestation. The rapid tick-killing effect together with the long duration of efficacy enables fluralaner to aid in the prevention of tick borne diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:26:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20fc9c98cced485d894bf99da572b4a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:26:03Z |
| publishDate | 2014-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-20fc9c98cced485d894bf99da572b4a02023-06-04T11:20:45ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052014-11-01711510.1186/s13071-014-0525-3The speed of kill of fluralaner (Bravecto™) against Ixodes ricinus ticks on dogsChristina Wengenmayer0Heike Williams1Eva Zschiesche2Andreas Moritz3Judith Langenstein4Rainer KA Roepke5Anja R Heckeroth6MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur PropsteiMSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur PropsteiMSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur PropsteiDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathophysiology and Clinical Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University GiessenDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathophysiology and Clinical Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University GiessenMSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur PropsteiMSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur PropsteiAbstract Background Pathogens that are transmitted by ticks to dogs, such as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu latu, and Ehrlichia canis, are an increasing problem in the world. One method to prevent pathogen transmission to dogs is to kill the ticks before transmission occurs. Fluralaner (Bravecto™) is a novel isoxazoline insecticide and acaricide that provides long persistent antiparasitic activity following systemic administration. This study investigated the speed of kill of fluralaner against Ixodes ricinus ticks on dogs. Methods A total of 48 dogs were randomized to 8 groups of 6 dogs and each dog was infested with 50 female and 10 male I. ricinus ticks. Two days later (day 0), 4 groups received a single treatment of 25 mg fluralaner/kg body weight as Bravecto™ chewable tablets; the dogs in the other 4 groups were left untreated. Separate control and treatment groups were paired at each time point (4, 8, 12, or 24 hours after treatment) for assessment of tick-killing efficacy. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment, all dogs were re-infested with 50 female I. ricinus ticks and subsequently assessed for live or dead ticks at either 4, 8, 12, or 24 hours after re-infestation. Efficacy was calculated for each assessment time point by comparison of the treatment group with the respective control group. Results Tick-killing efficacy was 89.6% at 4 hours, 97.9% at 8 hours, and 100% at 12 and 24 hours after treatment. Eight hours after re-infestation, efficacy was 96.8%, 83.5%, and 45.8% at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment, respectively. At least 98.1% tick-killing efficacy was demonstrated 12 and 24 hours after re-infestation over the entire 12 week study period. Conclusions Fluralaner kills ticks rapidly after treatment at 4 hours, and over its entire 12-week period of efficacy, it achieves an almost complete killing effect within 12 hours after tick infestation. The rapid tick-killing effect together with the long duration of efficacy enables fluralaner to aid in the prevention of tick borne diseases.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-014-0525-3Bravecto™ chewable tabletsFluralanerSpeed of killDogTickIxodes ricinus |
| spellingShingle | Christina Wengenmayer Heike Williams Eva Zschiesche Andreas Moritz Judith Langenstein Rainer KA Roepke Anja R Heckeroth The speed of kill of fluralaner (Bravecto™) against Ixodes ricinus ticks on dogs Parasites & Vectors Bravecto™ chewable tablets Fluralaner Speed of kill Dog Tick Ixodes ricinus |
| title | The speed of kill of fluralaner (Bravecto™) against Ixodes ricinus ticks on dogs |
| title_full | The speed of kill of fluralaner (Bravecto™) against Ixodes ricinus ticks on dogs |
| title_fullStr | The speed of kill of fluralaner (Bravecto™) against Ixodes ricinus ticks on dogs |
| title_full_unstemmed | The speed of kill of fluralaner (Bravecto™) against Ixodes ricinus ticks on dogs |
| title_short | The speed of kill of fluralaner (Bravecto™) against Ixodes ricinus ticks on dogs |
| title_sort | speed of kill of fluralaner bravecto™ against ixodes ricinus ticks on dogs |
| topic | Bravecto™ chewable tablets Fluralaner Speed of kill Dog Tick Ixodes ricinus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-014-0525-3 |
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