Mechanical Characterization of Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles, a Protocol
Both natural as well as artificial vesicles are of tremendous interest in biology and nanomedicine. Small vesicles (<200 nm) perform essential functions in cell biology and artificial vesicles (liposomes) are used as drug delivery vehicles. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a powerful techniqu...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmolb.2020.00139/full |
| _version_ | 1818517416499478528 |
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| author | Daan Vorselen Melissa C. Piontek Wouter H. Roos Gijs J. L. Wuite |
| author_facet | Daan Vorselen Melissa C. Piontek Wouter H. Roos Gijs J. L. Wuite |
| author_sort | Daan Vorselen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Both natural as well as artificial vesicles are of tremendous interest in biology and nanomedicine. Small vesicles (<200 nm) perform essential functions in cell biology and artificial vesicles (liposomes) are used as drug delivery vehicles. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a powerful technique to study the structural properties of these vesicles. AFM is a well-established technique for imaging at nanometer resolution and for mechanical measurements under physiological conditions. Here, we describe the procedure of AFM imaging and force spectroscopy on small vesicles. We discuss how to image vesicles with minimal structural disturbance, and how to analyze the data for accurate size and shape measurements. In addition, we describe the procedure for performing nanoindentations on vesicles and the subsequent data analysis including mechanical models used for data interpretation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T00:56:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2104cf73f43e49fe8f55914d1b407d9f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-889X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T00:56:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2104cf73f43e49fe8f55914d1b407d9f2022-12-22T01:26:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences2296-889X2020-07-01710.3389/fmolb.2020.00139546224Mechanical Characterization of Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles, a ProtocolDaan Vorselen0Melissa C. Piontek1Wouter H. Roos2Gijs J. L. Wuite3Fysica Van Levende Systemen and LaserLab, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsMoleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsMoleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsFysica Van Levende Systemen and LaserLab, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsBoth natural as well as artificial vesicles are of tremendous interest in biology and nanomedicine. Small vesicles (<200 nm) perform essential functions in cell biology and artificial vesicles (liposomes) are used as drug delivery vehicles. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a powerful technique to study the structural properties of these vesicles. AFM is a well-established technique for imaging at nanometer resolution and for mechanical measurements under physiological conditions. Here, we describe the procedure of AFM imaging and force spectroscopy on small vesicles. We discuss how to image vesicles with minimal structural disturbance, and how to analyze the data for accurate size and shape measurements. In addition, we describe the procedure for performing nanoindentations on vesicles and the subsequent data analysis including mechanical models used for data interpretation.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmolb.2020.00139/full(small) vesiclesliposomesextracellular vesiclesatomic force microscopy (AFM)nanoindentationbending modulus |
| spellingShingle | Daan Vorselen Melissa C. Piontek Wouter H. Roos Gijs J. L. Wuite Mechanical Characterization of Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles, a Protocol Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences (small) vesicles liposomes extracellular vesicles atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation bending modulus |
| title | Mechanical Characterization of Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles, a Protocol |
| title_full | Mechanical Characterization of Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles, a Protocol |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical Characterization of Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles, a Protocol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical Characterization of Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles, a Protocol |
| title_short | Mechanical Characterization of Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles, a Protocol |
| title_sort | mechanical characterization of liposomes and extracellular vesicles a protocol |
| topic | (small) vesicles liposomes extracellular vesicles atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation bending modulus |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmolb.2020.00139/full |
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