Accuracy of WAAS-Enabled GPS-RF Warning Signals When Crossing a Terrestrial Geofence
Geofences are virtual boundaries based on geographic coordinates. When combined with global position system (GPS), or more generally global navigation satellite system (GNSS) transmitters, geofences provide a powerful tool for monitoring the location and movements of objects of interest through prox...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2016-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/6/912 |
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| author | Lindsay M. Grayson Robert F. Keefe Wade T. Tinkham Jan U. H. Eitel Jarred D. Saralecos Alistair M. S. Smith Eloise G. Zimbelman |
| author_facet | Lindsay M. Grayson Robert F. Keefe Wade T. Tinkham Jan U. H. Eitel Jarred D. Saralecos Alistair M. S. Smith Eloise G. Zimbelman |
| author_sort | Lindsay M. Grayson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Geofences are virtual boundaries based on geographic coordinates. When combined with global position system (GPS), or more generally global navigation satellite system (GNSS) transmitters, geofences provide a powerful tool for monitoring the location and movements of objects of interest through proximity alarms. However, the accuracy of geofence alarms in GNSS-radio frequency (GNSS-RF) transmitter receiver systems has not been tested. To achieve these goals, a cart with a GNSS-RF locator was run on a straight path in a balanced factorial experiment with three levels of cart speed, three angles of geofence intersection, three receiver distances from the track, and three replicates. Locator speed, receiver distance and geofence intersection angle all affected geofence alarm accuracy in an analysis of variance (p = 0.013, p = 2.58 × 10−8, and p = 0.0006, respectively), as did all treatment interactions (p < 0.0001). Slower locator speed, acute geofence intersection angle, and closest receiver distance were associated with reduced accuracy of geofence alerts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:41:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-210b56b483a64d05962a2e8b2d64c30e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:41:11Z |
| publishDate | 2016-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-210b56b483a64d05962a2e8b2d64c30e2022-12-22T02:14:30ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202016-06-0116691210.3390/s16060912s16060912Accuracy of WAAS-Enabled GPS-RF Warning Signals When Crossing a Terrestrial GeofenceLindsay M. Grayson0Robert F. Keefe1Wade T. Tinkham2Jan U. H. Eitel3Jarred D. Saralecos4Alistair M. S. Smith5Eloise G. Zimbelman6Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID 83844-1133, USADepartment of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID 83844-1133, USADepartment of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, 1472 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID 83844-1133, USADepartment of Forest Management, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USADepartment of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID 83844-1133, USADepartment of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID 83844-1133, USAGeofences are virtual boundaries based on geographic coordinates. When combined with global position system (GPS), or more generally global navigation satellite system (GNSS) transmitters, geofences provide a powerful tool for monitoring the location and movements of objects of interest through proximity alarms. However, the accuracy of geofence alarms in GNSS-radio frequency (GNSS-RF) transmitter receiver systems has not been tested. To achieve these goals, a cart with a GNSS-RF locator was run on a straight path in a balanced factorial experiment with three levels of cart speed, three angles of geofence intersection, three receiver distances from the track, and three replicates. Locator speed, receiver distance and geofence intersection angle all affected geofence alarm accuracy in an analysis of variance (p = 0.013, p = 2.58 × 10−8, and p = 0.0006, respectively), as did all treatment interactions (p < 0.0001). Slower locator speed, acute geofence intersection angle, and closest receiver distance were associated with reduced accuracy of geofence alerts.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/6/912geofencevirtual fencereal-time GPSGPS-RFGNSSGNSS-RFposition, navigation and timing |
| spellingShingle | Lindsay M. Grayson Robert F. Keefe Wade T. Tinkham Jan U. H. Eitel Jarred D. Saralecos Alistair M. S. Smith Eloise G. Zimbelman Accuracy of WAAS-Enabled GPS-RF Warning Signals When Crossing a Terrestrial Geofence Sensors geofence virtual fence real-time GPS GPS-RF GNSS GNSS-RF position, navigation and timing |
| title | Accuracy of WAAS-Enabled GPS-RF Warning Signals When Crossing a Terrestrial Geofence |
| title_full | Accuracy of WAAS-Enabled GPS-RF Warning Signals When Crossing a Terrestrial Geofence |
| title_fullStr | Accuracy of WAAS-Enabled GPS-RF Warning Signals When Crossing a Terrestrial Geofence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accuracy of WAAS-Enabled GPS-RF Warning Signals When Crossing a Terrestrial Geofence |
| title_short | Accuracy of WAAS-Enabled GPS-RF Warning Signals When Crossing a Terrestrial Geofence |
| title_sort | accuracy of waas enabled gps rf warning signals when crossing a terrestrial geofence |
| topic | geofence virtual fence real-time GPS GPS-RF GNSS GNSS-RF position, navigation and timing |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/6/912 |
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