Comparative Analysis of Bone Ingrowth in 3D-Printed Titanium Lattice Structures with Different Patterns
In this study, metal 3D printing technology was used to create lattice-shaped test specimens of orthopedic implants to determine the effect of different lattice shapes on bone ingrowth. Six different lattice shapes were used: gyroid, cube, cylinder, tetrahedron, double pyramid, and Voronoi. The latt...
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2023-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/10/3861 |
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| author | Ágnes Éva Kovács Zoltán Csernátony Loránd Csámer Gábor Méhes Dániel Szabó Mihály Veres Mihály Braun Balázs Harangi Norbert Serbán Lei Zhang György Falk Hajnalka Soósné Horváth Sándor Manó |
| author_facet | Ágnes Éva Kovács Zoltán Csernátony Loránd Csámer Gábor Méhes Dániel Szabó Mihály Veres Mihály Braun Balázs Harangi Norbert Serbán Lei Zhang György Falk Hajnalka Soósné Horváth Sándor Manó |
| author_sort | Ágnes Éva Kovács |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, metal 3D printing technology was used to create lattice-shaped test specimens of orthopedic implants to determine the effect of different lattice shapes on bone ingrowth. Six different lattice shapes were used: gyroid, cube, cylinder, tetrahedron, double pyramid, and Voronoi. The lattice-structured implants were produced from Ti6Al4V alloy using direct metal laser sintering 3D printing technology with an EOS M290 printer. The implants were implanted into the femoral condyles of sheep, and the animals were euthanized 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. To determine the degree of bone ingrowth for different lattice-shaped implants, mechanical, histological, and image processing tests on ground samples and optical microscopic images were performed. In the mechanical test, the force required to compress the different lattice-shaped implants and the force required for a solid implant were compared, and significant differences were found in several instances. Statistically evaluating the results of our image processing algorithm, it was found that the digitally segmented areas clearly consisted of ingrown bone tissue; this finding is also supported by the results of classical histological processing. Our main goal was realized, so the bone ingrowth efficiencies of the six lattice shapes were ranked. It was found that the gyroid, double pyramid, and cube-shaped lattice implants had the highest degree of bone tissue growth per unit time. This ranking of the three lattice shapes remained the same at both 8 and 12 weeks after euthanasia. In accordance with the study, as a side project, a new image processing algorithm was developed that proved suitable for determining the degree of bone ingrowth in lattice implants from optical microscopic images. Along with the cube lattice shape, whose high bone ingrowth values have been previously reported in many studies, it was found that the gyroid and double pyramid lattice shapes produced similarly good results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:31:59Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:31:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-210ccd1308b846639329b9c947bc621b2023-11-18T02:17:18ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-05-011610386110.3390/ma16103861Comparative Analysis of Bone Ingrowth in 3D-Printed Titanium Lattice Structures with Different PatternsÁgnes Éva Kovács0Zoltán Csernátony1Loránd Csámer2Gábor Méhes3Dániel Szabó4Mihály Veres5Mihály Braun6Balázs Harangi7Norbert Serbán8Lei Zhang9György Falk10Hajnalka Soósné Horváth11Sándor Manó12Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, HungaryLaboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, HungaryLaboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, HungaryDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, HungaryLaboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, HungaryIsotoptech Private Limited Company, H-4026 Debrecen, HungaryIsotoptech Private Limited Company, H-4026 Debrecen, HungaryDepartment of Data Science and Visualization, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, H-4028 Debrecen, HungaryDepartment of Data Science and Visualization, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, H-4028 Debrecen, HungaryLaboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, HungaryVarinex Private Limited Company, H-1141 Budapest, HungaryLaboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, HungaryLaboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, HungaryIn this study, metal 3D printing technology was used to create lattice-shaped test specimens of orthopedic implants to determine the effect of different lattice shapes on bone ingrowth. Six different lattice shapes were used: gyroid, cube, cylinder, tetrahedron, double pyramid, and Voronoi. The lattice-structured implants were produced from Ti6Al4V alloy using direct metal laser sintering 3D printing technology with an EOS M290 printer. The implants were implanted into the femoral condyles of sheep, and the animals were euthanized 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. To determine the degree of bone ingrowth for different lattice-shaped implants, mechanical, histological, and image processing tests on ground samples and optical microscopic images were performed. In the mechanical test, the force required to compress the different lattice-shaped implants and the force required for a solid implant were compared, and significant differences were found in several instances. Statistically evaluating the results of our image processing algorithm, it was found that the digitally segmented areas clearly consisted of ingrown bone tissue; this finding is also supported by the results of classical histological processing. Our main goal was realized, so the bone ingrowth efficiencies of the six lattice shapes were ranked. It was found that the gyroid, double pyramid, and cube-shaped lattice implants had the highest degree of bone tissue growth per unit time. This ranking of the three lattice shapes remained the same at both 8 and 12 weeks after euthanasia. In accordance with the study, as a side project, a new image processing algorithm was developed that proved suitable for determining the degree of bone ingrowth in lattice implants from optical microscopic images. Along with the cube lattice shape, whose high bone ingrowth values have been previously reported in many studies, it was found that the gyroid and double pyramid lattice shapes produced similarly good results.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/10/3861additive manufacturingdirect metal laser sinteringTi6Al4Vlattice structure patternbone ingrowthsheep |
| spellingShingle | Ágnes Éva Kovács Zoltán Csernátony Loránd Csámer Gábor Méhes Dániel Szabó Mihály Veres Mihály Braun Balázs Harangi Norbert Serbán Lei Zhang György Falk Hajnalka Soósné Horváth Sándor Manó Comparative Analysis of Bone Ingrowth in 3D-Printed Titanium Lattice Structures with Different Patterns Materials additive manufacturing direct metal laser sintering Ti6Al4V lattice structure pattern bone ingrowth sheep |
| title | Comparative Analysis of Bone Ingrowth in 3D-Printed Titanium Lattice Structures with Different Patterns |
| title_full | Comparative Analysis of Bone Ingrowth in 3D-Printed Titanium Lattice Structures with Different Patterns |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Analysis of Bone Ingrowth in 3D-Printed Titanium Lattice Structures with Different Patterns |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Analysis of Bone Ingrowth in 3D-Printed Titanium Lattice Structures with Different Patterns |
| title_short | Comparative Analysis of Bone Ingrowth in 3D-Printed Titanium Lattice Structures with Different Patterns |
| title_sort | comparative analysis of bone ingrowth in 3d printed titanium lattice structures with different patterns |
| topic | additive manufacturing direct metal laser sintering Ti6Al4V lattice structure pattern bone ingrowth sheep |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/10/3861 |
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