Carvedilol attenuates acrylamide-induced brain damage through inhibition of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic mediators
Objective(s): Acrylamide is a potent neurotoxic compound and has harmful effects on brain cells. Acrylamide promotes oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic mediators in the CNS leading to neurological disorders. The goal of the current study was to examine the potential protective effect of carvedil...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_19400_6fc5aef955bed352f40f28b5f35a166c.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819210431681527808 |
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| author | Keyvan Amirshahrokhi Arezoo Abzirakan |
| author_facet | Keyvan Amirshahrokhi Arezoo Abzirakan |
| author_sort | Keyvan Amirshahrokhi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective(s): Acrylamide is a potent neurotoxic compound and has harmful effects on brain cells. Acrylamide promotes oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic mediators in the CNS leading to neurological disorders. The goal of the current study was to examine the potential protective effect of carvedilol and its underlying mechanisms in a mouse model of acrylamide-induced brain injury. Materials and Methods: Mice were treated with acrylamide (50 mg/kg/day, IP) and carvedilol (5 and 10 mg/kg/day, oral) for 11 continuous days. At the end of the experiment, mice were subjected to gait assessment. They were sacrificed and brain tissues were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. Results: The results showed that treatment of mice with carvedilol decreased acrylamide-induced bodyweight loss, abnormal gait, and histopathological damage in the brain tissue. Carvedilol treatment significantly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein and increased the levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Carvedilol treatment also decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in the brain of mice exposed to acrylamide. Furthermore, administration of carvedilol significantly decreased the levels of bax, cytochrome-c, and caspase-3 as markers of apoptosis in acrylamide-treated mice. Conclusion: These findings indicate that carvedilol is able to attenuate acrylamide-induced damage to the CNS by inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T06:11:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-21242b25e8fb4c058dbf964c509ddb37 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2008-3866 2008-3874 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T06:11:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Mashhad University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-21242b25e8fb4c058dbf964c509ddb372022-12-21T17:57:26ZengMashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-38662008-38742022-01-01251606710.22038/ijbms.2021.58808.1306319400Carvedilol attenuates acrylamide-induced brain damage through inhibition of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic mediatorsKeyvan Amirshahrokhi0Arezoo Abzirakan1Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, IranDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, IranObjective(s): Acrylamide is a potent neurotoxic compound and has harmful effects on brain cells. Acrylamide promotes oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic mediators in the CNS leading to neurological disorders. The goal of the current study was to examine the potential protective effect of carvedilol and its underlying mechanisms in a mouse model of acrylamide-induced brain injury. Materials and Methods: Mice were treated with acrylamide (50 mg/kg/day, IP) and carvedilol (5 and 10 mg/kg/day, oral) for 11 continuous days. At the end of the experiment, mice were subjected to gait assessment. They were sacrificed and brain tissues were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. Results: The results showed that treatment of mice with carvedilol decreased acrylamide-induced bodyweight loss, abnormal gait, and histopathological damage in the brain tissue. Carvedilol treatment significantly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein and increased the levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Carvedilol treatment also decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in the brain of mice exposed to acrylamide. Furthermore, administration of carvedilol significantly decreased the levels of bax, cytochrome-c, and caspase-3 as markers of apoptosis in acrylamide-treated mice. Conclusion: These findings indicate that carvedilol is able to attenuate acrylamide-induced damage to the CNS by inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_19400_6fc5aef955bed352f40f28b5f35a166c.pdfacrylamideapoptosisbrain damagecarvedilolinflammationoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Keyvan Amirshahrokhi Arezoo Abzirakan Carvedilol attenuates acrylamide-induced brain damage through inhibition of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic mediators Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences acrylamide apoptosis brain damage carvedilol inflammation oxidative stress |
| title | Carvedilol attenuates acrylamide-induced brain damage through inhibition of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic mediators |
| title_full | Carvedilol attenuates acrylamide-induced brain damage through inhibition of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic mediators |
| title_fullStr | Carvedilol attenuates acrylamide-induced brain damage through inhibition of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic mediators |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carvedilol attenuates acrylamide-induced brain damage through inhibition of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic mediators |
| title_short | Carvedilol attenuates acrylamide-induced brain damage through inhibition of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic mediators |
| title_sort | carvedilol attenuates acrylamide induced brain damage through inhibition of oxidative inflammatory and apoptotic mediators |
| topic | acrylamide apoptosis brain damage carvedilol inflammation oxidative stress |
| url | https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_19400_6fc5aef955bed352f40f28b5f35a166c.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT keyvanamirshahrokhi carvedilolattenuatesacrylamideinducedbraindamagethroughinhibitionofoxidativeinflammatoryandapoptoticmediators AT arezooabzirakan carvedilolattenuatesacrylamideinducedbraindamagethroughinhibitionofoxidativeinflammatoryandapoptoticmediators |