The Impact of Gene Dosage and Heterozygosity on the Diploid Pathobiont <i>Candida albicans</i>
<i>Candida albicans</i> is a fungal species that can colonize multiple niches in the human host where it can grow either as a commensal or as an opportunistic pathogen. The genome of <i>C. albicans</i> has long been of considerable interest, given that it is highly plastic an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/1/10 |
| _version_ | 1818447489822359552 |
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| author | Shen-Huan Liang Richard J. Bennett |
| author_facet | Shen-Huan Liang Richard J. Bennett |
| author_sort | Shen-Huan Liang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Candida albicans</i> is a fungal species that can colonize multiple niches in the human host where it can grow either as a commensal or as an opportunistic pathogen. The genome of <i>C. albicans</i> has long been of considerable interest, given that it is highly plastic and can undergo a wide variety of alterations. These changes play a fundamental role in determining <i>C. albicans</i> traits and have been shown to enable adaptation both to the host and to antifungal drugs. <i>C. albicans</i> isolates contain a heterozygous diploid genome that displays variation from the level of single nucleotides to largescale rearrangements and aneuploidy. The heterozygous nature of the genome is now increasingly recognized as being central to <i>C. albicans</i> biology, as the relative fitness of isolates has been shown to correlate with higher levels of overall heterozygosity. Moreover, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events can arise frequently, either at single polymorphisms or at a chromosomal level, and both can alter the behavior of <i>C. albicans</i> cells during infection or can modulate drug resistance. In this review, we examine genome plasticity in this pathobiont focusing on how gene dosage variation and loss of heterozygosity events can arise and how these modulate <i>C. albicans</i> behavior. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T20:04:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2125eb06f686422391b56126d8368562 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T20:04:26Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-2125eb06f686422391b56126d83685622022-12-21T22:49:04ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2019-12-01611010.3390/jof6010010jof6010010The Impact of Gene Dosage and Heterozygosity on the Diploid Pathobiont <i>Candida albicans</i>Shen-Huan Liang0Richard J. Bennett1Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USADepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA<i>Candida albicans</i> is a fungal species that can colonize multiple niches in the human host where it can grow either as a commensal or as an opportunistic pathogen. The genome of <i>C. albicans</i> has long been of considerable interest, given that it is highly plastic and can undergo a wide variety of alterations. These changes play a fundamental role in determining <i>C. albicans</i> traits and have been shown to enable adaptation both to the host and to antifungal drugs. <i>C. albicans</i> isolates contain a heterozygous diploid genome that displays variation from the level of single nucleotides to largescale rearrangements and aneuploidy. The heterozygous nature of the genome is now increasingly recognized as being central to <i>C. albicans</i> biology, as the relative fitness of isolates has been shown to correlate with higher levels of overall heterozygosity. Moreover, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events can arise frequently, either at single polymorphisms or at a chromosomal level, and both can alter the behavior of <i>C. albicans</i> cells during infection or can modulate drug resistance. In this review, we examine genome plasticity in this pathobiont focusing on how gene dosage variation and loss of heterozygosity events can arise and how these modulate <i>C. albicans</i> behavior.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/1/10hemizygosityloss of heterozygosity (loh), commensalismvirulenceaneuploidymitotic recombinationparasexual cycledrug resistance |
| spellingShingle | Shen-Huan Liang Richard J. Bennett The Impact of Gene Dosage and Heterozygosity on the Diploid Pathobiont <i>Candida albicans</i> Journal of Fungi hemizygosity loss of heterozygosity (loh), commensalism virulence aneuploidy mitotic recombination parasexual cycle drug resistance |
| title | The Impact of Gene Dosage and Heterozygosity on the Diploid Pathobiont <i>Candida albicans</i> |
| title_full | The Impact of Gene Dosage and Heterozygosity on the Diploid Pathobiont <i>Candida albicans</i> |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Gene Dosage and Heterozygosity on the Diploid Pathobiont <i>Candida albicans</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Gene Dosage and Heterozygosity on the Diploid Pathobiont <i>Candida albicans</i> |
| title_short | The Impact of Gene Dosage and Heterozygosity on the Diploid Pathobiont <i>Candida albicans</i> |
| title_sort | impact of gene dosage and heterozygosity on the diploid pathobiont i candida albicans i |
| topic | hemizygosity loss of heterozygosity (loh), commensalism virulence aneuploidy mitotic recombination parasexual cycle drug resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/1/10 |
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