Characterization of β-Lactamases and Multidrug Resistance Mechanisms in Enterobacterales from Hospital Effluents and Wastewater Treatment Plant
Antimicrobials in wastewater promote the emergence of antibiotic resistance, facilitated by selective pressure and transfer of resistant genes. Enteric bacteria belonging to <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i>, <i>...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Antibiotics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/6/776 |
| _version_ | 1827662955365269504 |
|---|---|
| author | Christopher Mutuku Szilvia Melegh Krisztina Kovacs Peter Urban Eszter Virág Reka Heninger Robert Herczeg Ágnes Sonnevend Attila Gyenesei Csaba Fekete Zoltan Gazdag |
| author_facet | Christopher Mutuku Szilvia Melegh Krisztina Kovacs Peter Urban Eszter Virág Reka Heninger Robert Herczeg Ágnes Sonnevend Attila Gyenesei Csaba Fekete Zoltan Gazdag |
| author_sort | Christopher Mutuku |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antimicrobials in wastewater promote the emergence of antibiotic resistance, facilitated by selective pressure and transfer of resistant genes. Enteric bacteria belonging to <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i>, <i>Enterobacter cloacae,</i> and <i>Citrobacter</i> species (<i>n</i> = 126) from hospital effluents and proximate wastewater treatment plant were assayed for susceptibility to four antimicrobial classes. The β-lactamase encoding genes harbored in plasmids were genotyped and the plasmids were sequenced. A multidrug resistance phenotype was found in 72% (<i>n</i> = 58) of <i>E. coli</i> isolates, 70% (<i>n</i> = 43) of <i>Klebsiella</i> species isolates, and 40% (<i>n</i> = 25) of <i>Enterobacter</i> and <i>Citrobacter</i> species. Moreover, 86% (<i>n</i> = 50) of <i>E. coli</i>, 77% (<i>n</i> = 33) of <i>Klebsiella</i> species, and 25% (<i>n</i> = 4) of <i>Citrobacter</i> species isolates phenotypically expressed extended spectrum β-lactamase. Regarding ESBL genes, <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-27</sub> and <i>bla</i><sub>TEM-1</sub> were found in <i>E. coli,</i> while <i>Klebsiella</i> species harbored <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-15</sub>, <i>bla<sub>CTX-M-30</sub></i>, or <i>bla</i><sub>SHV-12</sub>. Genes coding for aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, adenylyltransferases (<i>aadA1, aadA5)</i>, phosphotransferases (<i>aph(6)-1d, aph(3″)-Ib)</i>, acetyltransferases (<i>aac(3)-IIa)</i>, (<i>aac(6)-Ib</i>), sulfonamide/trimethoprim resistant dihydropteroate synthase (<i>sul</i>), dihydrofolate reductase (<i>dfrA</i>), and quinolone resistance protein (<i>qnrB1</i>) were also identified. Monitoring wastewater from human sources for acquired resistance in clinically important bacteria may provide a cheaper alternative in regions facing challenges that limit clinical surveillance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:35:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2132736ee2c94690acbd3e7c04f4ed0b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:35:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-2132736ee2c94690acbd3e7c04f4ed0b2023-11-23T15:17:06ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822022-06-0111677610.3390/antibiotics11060776Characterization of β-Lactamases and Multidrug Resistance Mechanisms in Enterobacterales from Hospital Effluents and Wastewater Treatment PlantChristopher Mutuku0Szilvia Melegh1Krisztina Kovacs2Peter Urban3Eszter Virág4Reka Heninger5Robert Herczeg6Ágnes Sonnevend7Attila Gyenesei8Csaba Fekete9Zoltan Gazdag10Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, HungaryBioinformatics Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, 7624 Pécs, HungaryEducomat Ltd., Iskola utca 12/A, 8360 Keszthely, HungaryDepartment of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, HungaryBioinformatics Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, 7624 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, HungaryBioinformatics Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, 7624 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, HungaryAntimicrobials in wastewater promote the emergence of antibiotic resistance, facilitated by selective pressure and transfer of resistant genes. Enteric bacteria belonging to <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i>, <i>Enterobacter cloacae,</i> and <i>Citrobacter</i> species (<i>n</i> = 126) from hospital effluents and proximate wastewater treatment plant were assayed for susceptibility to four antimicrobial classes. The β-lactamase encoding genes harbored in plasmids were genotyped and the plasmids were sequenced. A multidrug resistance phenotype was found in 72% (<i>n</i> = 58) of <i>E. coli</i> isolates, 70% (<i>n</i> = 43) of <i>Klebsiella</i> species isolates, and 40% (<i>n</i> = 25) of <i>Enterobacter</i> and <i>Citrobacter</i> species. Moreover, 86% (<i>n</i> = 50) of <i>E. coli</i>, 77% (<i>n</i> = 33) of <i>Klebsiella</i> species, and 25% (<i>n</i> = 4) of <i>Citrobacter</i> species isolates phenotypically expressed extended spectrum β-lactamase. Regarding ESBL genes, <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-27</sub> and <i>bla</i><sub>TEM-1</sub> were found in <i>E. coli,</i> while <i>Klebsiella</i> species harbored <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-15</sub>, <i>bla<sub>CTX-M-30</sub></i>, or <i>bla</i><sub>SHV-12</sub>. Genes coding for aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, adenylyltransferases (<i>aadA1, aadA5)</i>, phosphotransferases (<i>aph(6)-1d, aph(3″)-Ib)</i>, acetyltransferases (<i>aac(3)-IIa)</i>, (<i>aac(6)-Ib</i>), sulfonamide/trimethoprim resistant dihydropteroate synthase (<i>sul</i>), dihydrofolate reductase (<i>dfrA</i>), and quinolone resistance protein (<i>qnrB1</i>) were also identified. Monitoring wastewater from human sources for acquired resistance in clinically important bacteria may provide a cheaper alternative in regions facing challenges that limit clinical surveillance.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/6/776hospital effluentswastewater treatment plantEnterobacteralesβ-lactamasesmultiresistance |
| spellingShingle | Christopher Mutuku Szilvia Melegh Krisztina Kovacs Peter Urban Eszter Virág Reka Heninger Robert Herczeg Ágnes Sonnevend Attila Gyenesei Csaba Fekete Zoltan Gazdag Characterization of β-Lactamases and Multidrug Resistance Mechanisms in Enterobacterales from Hospital Effluents and Wastewater Treatment Plant Antibiotics hospital effluents wastewater treatment plant Enterobacterales β-lactamases multiresistance |
| title | Characterization of β-Lactamases and Multidrug Resistance Mechanisms in Enterobacterales from Hospital Effluents and Wastewater Treatment Plant |
| title_full | Characterization of β-Lactamases and Multidrug Resistance Mechanisms in Enterobacterales from Hospital Effluents and Wastewater Treatment Plant |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of β-Lactamases and Multidrug Resistance Mechanisms in Enterobacterales from Hospital Effluents and Wastewater Treatment Plant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of β-Lactamases and Multidrug Resistance Mechanisms in Enterobacterales from Hospital Effluents and Wastewater Treatment Plant |
| title_short | Characterization of β-Lactamases and Multidrug Resistance Mechanisms in Enterobacterales from Hospital Effluents and Wastewater Treatment Plant |
| title_sort | characterization of β lactamases and multidrug resistance mechanisms in enterobacterales from hospital effluents and wastewater treatment plant |
| topic | hospital effluents wastewater treatment plant Enterobacterales β-lactamases multiresistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/6/776 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT christophermutuku characterizationofblactamasesandmultidrugresistancemechanismsinenterobacteralesfromhospitaleffluentsandwastewatertreatmentplant AT szilviamelegh characterizationofblactamasesandmultidrugresistancemechanismsinenterobacteralesfromhospitaleffluentsandwastewatertreatmentplant AT krisztinakovacs characterizationofblactamasesandmultidrugresistancemechanismsinenterobacteralesfromhospitaleffluentsandwastewatertreatmentplant AT peterurban characterizationofblactamasesandmultidrugresistancemechanismsinenterobacteralesfromhospitaleffluentsandwastewatertreatmentplant AT esztervirag characterizationofblactamasesandmultidrugresistancemechanismsinenterobacteralesfromhospitaleffluentsandwastewatertreatmentplant AT rekaheninger characterizationofblactamasesandmultidrugresistancemechanismsinenterobacteralesfromhospitaleffluentsandwastewatertreatmentplant AT robertherczeg characterizationofblactamasesandmultidrugresistancemechanismsinenterobacteralesfromhospitaleffluentsandwastewatertreatmentplant AT agnessonnevend characterizationofblactamasesandmultidrugresistancemechanismsinenterobacteralesfromhospitaleffluentsandwastewatertreatmentplant AT attilagyenesei characterizationofblactamasesandmultidrugresistancemechanismsinenterobacteralesfromhospitaleffluentsandwastewatertreatmentplant AT csabafekete characterizationofblactamasesandmultidrugresistancemechanismsinenterobacteralesfromhospitaleffluentsandwastewatertreatmentplant AT zoltangazdag characterizationofblactamasesandmultidrugresistancemechanismsinenterobacteralesfromhospitaleffluentsandwastewatertreatmentplant |