| Summary: | A series of regioisomers of the hydroxystearic acid (<b>HSA</b>) was prepared, and the effect of the position of the hydroxyl group along the chain on a panel of human cancer cell lines was investigated. Among the various regioisomers, those carrying the hydroxyl at positions 5, 7, and 9 had growth inhibitor activity against various human tumor cell lines, including CaCo-2, HT29, HeLa, MCF7, PC3, and NLF cells. <b>10-HSA</b> and <b>11-HSA</b> showed a very weak effect. <b>8-HSA</b> did not show inhibitory activity in all cell lines. The biological role of <b>7-HSA</b> and <b>9-HSA</b> is widely recognized, while little is known about the effects of <b>5-HSA</b>. Therefore, the biological effects of <b>5-HSA</b> in HeLa, HT29, MCF7, and NLF cell lines were investigated using the Livecyte’s ptychography technology, which allows correlating changes in proliferation, motility, and morphology as a function of treatment at the same time. <b>5-HSA</b> not only reduces cell proliferation but also induces changes in cell displacement, directionality, and speed. It is important to characterize the biological effects of <b>5-HSA</b>, this molecule being an important component of fatty acyl esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA), a class of endogenous mammalian lipids with noticeable anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects.
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