Risk assessment of urban yellow fever virus transmission in Kenya: is Aedes aegypti an efficient vector?
The absence of urban yellow fever epidemics in East Africa remains a mystery amidst the proliferation of Aedes aegypti in this region. To understand the transmission dynamics of the disease, we tested urban (Mombasa, Kisumu, and Nairobi) Aedes mosquito populations in Kenya for their susceptibility t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2022.2063762 |
| _version_ | 1818030373082234880 |
|---|---|
| author | Sheila B. Agha David P. Tchouassi Michael J. Turell Armanda D.S. Bastos Rosemary Sang |
| author_facet | Sheila B. Agha David P. Tchouassi Michael J. Turell Armanda D.S. Bastos Rosemary Sang |
| author_sort | Sheila B. Agha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The absence of urban yellow fever epidemics in East Africa remains a mystery amidst the proliferation of Aedes aegypti in this region. To understand the transmission dynamics of the disease, we tested urban (Mombasa, Kisumu, and Nairobi) Aedes mosquito populations in Kenya for their susceptibility to an East African yellow fever virus (YFV) genotype. Overall, 22% (n = 805) of the Ae. aegypti that were orally challenged with an infectious dose of YFV had a midgut infection, with comparable rates for Mombasa and Kisumu (χ2 = 0.35, df = 1, P = 0.55), but significantly lower rates for Nairobi (χ2 ≥ 11.08, df = 1, P ≤ 0.0009). Variations in YFV susceptibility (midgut infection) among Ae. aegypti subspecies were not associated with discernable cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene haplotypes. Remarkably, no YFV dissemination or transmission was observed among the orally challenged Ae. aegypti populations. Moreover, Ae. aegypti mosquitoes that were intrathoracically inoculated with YFV failed to transmit the virus via capillary feeding. In contrast, dissemination (oral exposure) and transmission (intrathoracic inoculation) of YFV was observed among a few peri-domestic Ae. bromeliae mosquitoes (n = 129) that were assessed from these urban areas. Our study highlights an inefficient urban Ae. aegypti population, and the potential for Ae. bromeliae in sustaining an urban YFV transmission in Kenya. An assessment of urban Ae. aegypti susceptibility to other YFV genotypes, and vector potential of urban Ae. bromeliae populations in Kenya is recommended to guide cost-effective vaccination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T05:34:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-214457b1519f4720888ee2dc6c4c8eb4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T05:34:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj.art-214457b1519f4720888ee2dc6c4c8eb42022-12-22T02:00:27ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512022-12-011111272128010.1080/22221751.2022.2063762Risk assessment of urban yellow fever virus transmission in Kenya: is Aedes aegypti an efficient vector?Sheila B. Agha0David P. Tchouassi1Michael J. Turell2Armanda D.S. Bastos3Rosemary Sang4International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, KenyaVectorID LLC, Frederick, MD, USADepartment of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South AfricaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, KenyaThe absence of urban yellow fever epidemics in East Africa remains a mystery amidst the proliferation of Aedes aegypti in this region. To understand the transmission dynamics of the disease, we tested urban (Mombasa, Kisumu, and Nairobi) Aedes mosquito populations in Kenya for their susceptibility to an East African yellow fever virus (YFV) genotype. Overall, 22% (n = 805) of the Ae. aegypti that were orally challenged with an infectious dose of YFV had a midgut infection, with comparable rates for Mombasa and Kisumu (χ2 = 0.35, df = 1, P = 0.55), but significantly lower rates for Nairobi (χ2 ≥ 11.08, df = 1, P ≤ 0.0009). Variations in YFV susceptibility (midgut infection) among Ae. aegypti subspecies were not associated with discernable cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene haplotypes. Remarkably, no YFV dissemination or transmission was observed among the orally challenged Ae. aegypti populations. Moreover, Ae. aegypti mosquitoes that were intrathoracically inoculated with YFV failed to transmit the virus via capillary feeding. In contrast, dissemination (oral exposure) and transmission (intrathoracic inoculation) of YFV was observed among a few peri-domestic Ae. bromeliae mosquitoes (n = 129) that were assessed from these urban areas. Our study highlights an inefficient urban Ae. aegypti population, and the potential for Ae. bromeliae in sustaining an urban YFV transmission in Kenya. An assessment of urban Ae. aegypti susceptibility to other YFV genotypes, and vector potential of urban Ae. bromeliae populations in Kenya is recommended to guide cost-effective vaccination.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2022.2063762Aedes aegyptiAedes bromeliaevector competenceyellow fever virusurbanizationEast Africa |
| spellingShingle | Sheila B. Agha David P. Tchouassi Michael J. Turell Armanda D.S. Bastos Rosemary Sang Risk assessment of urban yellow fever virus transmission in Kenya: is Aedes aegypti an efficient vector? Emerging Microbes and Infections Aedes aegypti Aedes bromeliae vector competence yellow fever virus urbanization East Africa |
| title | Risk assessment of urban yellow fever virus transmission in Kenya: is Aedes aegypti an efficient vector? |
| title_full | Risk assessment of urban yellow fever virus transmission in Kenya: is Aedes aegypti an efficient vector? |
| title_fullStr | Risk assessment of urban yellow fever virus transmission in Kenya: is Aedes aegypti an efficient vector? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk assessment of urban yellow fever virus transmission in Kenya: is Aedes aegypti an efficient vector? |
| title_short | Risk assessment of urban yellow fever virus transmission in Kenya: is Aedes aegypti an efficient vector? |
| title_sort | risk assessment of urban yellow fever virus transmission in kenya is aedes aegypti an efficient vector |
| topic | Aedes aegypti Aedes bromeliae vector competence yellow fever virus urbanization East Africa |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2022.2063762 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sheilabagha riskassessmentofurbanyellowfevervirustransmissioninkenyaisaedesaegyptianefficientvector AT davidptchouassi riskassessmentofurbanyellowfevervirustransmissioninkenyaisaedesaegyptianefficientvector AT michaeljturell riskassessmentofurbanyellowfevervirustransmissioninkenyaisaedesaegyptianefficientvector AT armandadsbastos riskassessmentofurbanyellowfevervirustransmissioninkenyaisaedesaegyptianefficientvector AT rosemarysang riskassessmentofurbanyellowfevervirustransmissioninkenyaisaedesaegyptianefficientvector |