Endoplasmic reticulum stress: molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets
Abstract The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions as a quality-control organelle for protein homeostasis, or “proteostasis”. The protein quality control systems involve ER-associated degradation, protein chaperons, and autophagy. ER stress is activated when proteostasis is broken with an accumulatio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Publishing Group
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01570-w |
| _version_ | 1827708006735806464 |
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| author | Xingyi Chen Chaoran Shi Meihui He Siqi Xiong Xiaobo Xia |
| author_facet | Xingyi Chen Chaoran Shi Meihui He Siqi Xiong Xiaobo Xia |
| author_sort | Xingyi Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions as a quality-control organelle for protein homeostasis, or “proteostasis”. The protein quality control systems involve ER-associated degradation, protein chaperons, and autophagy. ER stress is activated when proteostasis is broken with an accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the ER. ER stress activates an adaptive unfolded protein response to restore proteostasis by initiating protein kinase R-like ER kinase, activating transcription factor 6, and inositol requiring enzyme 1. ER stress is multifaceted, and acts on aspects at the epigenetic level, including transcription and protein processing. Accumulated data indicates its key role in protein homeostasis and other diverse functions involved in various ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, achromatopsia, cataracts, ocular tumors, ocular surface diseases, and myopia. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the aforementioned ocular diseases from an ER stress perspective. Drugs (chemicals, neurotrophic factors, and nanoparticles), gene therapy, and stem cell therapy are used to treat ocular diseases by alleviating ER stress. We delineate the advancement of therapy targeting ER stress to provide new treatment strategies for ocular diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:57:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-21453beb5c2b4e9d82aed202914f7d21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2059-3635 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:57:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-21453beb5c2b4e9d82aed202914f7d212023-11-20T11:04:43ZengNature Publishing GroupSignal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2059-36352023-09-018114010.1038/s41392-023-01570-wEndoplasmic reticulum stress: molecular mechanism and therapeutic targetsXingyi Chen0Chaoran Shi1Meihui He2Siqi Xiong3Xiaobo Xia4Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityEye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityEye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityEye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityAbstract The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions as a quality-control organelle for protein homeostasis, or “proteostasis”. The protein quality control systems involve ER-associated degradation, protein chaperons, and autophagy. ER stress is activated when proteostasis is broken with an accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the ER. ER stress activates an adaptive unfolded protein response to restore proteostasis by initiating protein kinase R-like ER kinase, activating transcription factor 6, and inositol requiring enzyme 1. ER stress is multifaceted, and acts on aspects at the epigenetic level, including transcription and protein processing. Accumulated data indicates its key role in protein homeostasis and other diverse functions involved in various ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, achromatopsia, cataracts, ocular tumors, ocular surface diseases, and myopia. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the aforementioned ocular diseases from an ER stress perspective. Drugs (chemicals, neurotrophic factors, and nanoparticles), gene therapy, and stem cell therapy are used to treat ocular diseases by alleviating ER stress. We delineate the advancement of therapy targeting ER stress to provide new treatment strategies for ocular diseases.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01570-w |
| spellingShingle | Xingyi Chen Chaoran Shi Meihui He Siqi Xiong Xiaobo Xia Endoplasmic reticulum stress: molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| title | Endoplasmic reticulum stress: molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets |
| title_full | Endoplasmic reticulum stress: molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets |
| title_fullStr | Endoplasmic reticulum stress: molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Endoplasmic reticulum stress: molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets |
| title_short | Endoplasmic reticulum stress: molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets |
| title_sort | endoplasmic reticulum stress molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01570-w |
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