Design and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid Sensing
A simple hexagonal lattice photonic crystal fiber model with liquid-infiltrated core for different liquids: water, ethanol and benzene, has been proposed. In the proposed structure, three air hole rings are present in the cladding and three equal sized air holes are present in the core. Numerical in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/8/1/16 |
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| author | Abdul Mu’iz Maidi Izaddeen Yakasai Pg Emeroylariffion Abas Malik Muhammad Nauman Rosyzie Anna Apong Shubi Kaijage Feroza Begum |
| author_facet | Abdul Mu’iz Maidi Izaddeen Yakasai Pg Emeroylariffion Abas Malik Muhammad Nauman Rosyzie Anna Apong Shubi Kaijage Feroza Begum |
| author_sort | Abdul Mu’iz Maidi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A simple hexagonal lattice photonic crystal fiber model with liquid-infiltrated core for different liquids: water, ethanol and benzene, has been proposed. In the proposed structure, three air hole rings are present in the cladding and three equal sized air holes are present in the core. Numerical investigation of the proposed fiber has been performed using full vector finite element method with anisotropic perfectly match layers, to show that the proposed simple structure exhibits high relative sensitivity, high power fraction, relatively high birefringence, low chromatic dispersion, low confinement loss, small effective area, and high nonlinear coefficient. All these properties have been numerically investigated at a wider wavelength regime 0.6–1.8 μm within mostly the IR region. Relative sensitivities of water, ethanol and benzene are obtained at 62.60%, 65.34% and 74.50%, respectively, and the nonlinear coefficients are 69.4 W<sup>−1</sup> km<sup>−1</sup> for water, 73.8 W<sup>−1</sup> km<sup>−1</sup> for ethanol and 95.4 W<sup>−1</sup> km<sup>−1</sup> for benzene, at 1.3 µm operating wavelength. The simple structure can be easily fabricated for practical use, and assessment of its multiple waveguide properties has justified its usage in real liquid detection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:06:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-214bbee528024cba805e23c994643ca5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:06:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-214bbee528024cba805e23c994643ca52023-12-03T12:53:26ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322021-01-01811610.3390/photonics8010016Design and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid SensingAbdul Mu’iz Maidi0Izaddeen Yakasai1Pg Emeroylariffion Abas2Malik Muhammad Nauman3Rosyzie Anna Apong4Shubi Kaijage5Feroza Begum6Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, BruneiFaculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, BruneiFaculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, BruneiFaculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, BruneiFaculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, BruneiSchool of Computational and Communication Science and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha 23311, TanzaniaFaculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, BruneiA simple hexagonal lattice photonic crystal fiber model with liquid-infiltrated core for different liquids: water, ethanol and benzene, has been proposed. In the proposed structure, three air hole rings are present in the cladding and three equal sized air holes are present in the core. Numerical investigation of the proposed fiber has been performed using full vector finite element method with anisotropic perfectly match layers, to show that the proposed simple structure exhibits high relative sensitivity, high power fraction, relatively high birefringence, low chromatic dispersion, low confinement loss, small effective area, and high nonlinear coefficient. All these properties have been numerically investigated at a wider wavelength regime 0.6–1.8 μm within mostly the IR region. Relative sensitivities of water, ethanol and benzene are obtained at 62.60%, 65.34% and 74.50%, respectively, and the nonlinear coefficients are 69.4 W<sup>−1</sup> km<sup>−1</sup> for water, 73.8 W<sup>−1</sup> km<sup>−1</sup> for ethanol and 95.4 W<sup>−1</sup> km<sup>−1</sup> for benzene, at 1.3 µm operating wavelength. The simple structure can be easily fabricated for practical use, and assessment of its multiple waveguide properties has justified its usage in real liquid detection.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/8/1/16photonic crystal fiberliquid sensingrelative sensitivitynonlinear coefficient |
| spellingShingle | Abdul Mu’iz Maidi Izaddeen Yakasai Pg Emeroylariffion Abas Malik Muhammad Nauman Rosyzie Anna Apong Shubi Kaijage Feroza Begum Design and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid Sensing Photonics photonic crystal fiber liquid sensing relative sensitivity nonlinear coefficient |
| title | Design and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid Sensing |
| title_full | Design and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid Sensing |
| title_fullStr | Design and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid Sensing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid Sensing |
| title_short | Design and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid Sensing |
| title_sort | design and simulation of photonic crystal fiber for liquid sensing |
| topic | photonic crystal fiber liquid sensing relative sensitivity nonlinear coefficient |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/8/1/16 |
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