Immunomodulatory potential of Sarcophaga argyostoma larval hemolymph as a natural alternative to berenil in treating Trypanosoma evansi in vivo
Abstract This study compared effects of diminazene aceturate (berenil), commonly used to treat domestic animals infected with Trypanosoma evansi, with the hemolymph of Sarcophaga argyostoma larva. The hemolymph may be acting as a possible natural alternative to berenil, based on immunomodulation med...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57113-y |
| _version_ | 1797247315771129856 |
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| author | Al-Shaimaa M. Sadek Doaa S. Farghaly Hala Kadada Alya Mashaal |
| author_facet | Al-Shaimaa M. Sadek Doaa S. Farghaly Hala Kadada Alya Mashaal |
| author_sort | Al-Shaimaa M. Sadek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study compared effects of diminazene aceturate (berenil), commonly used to treat domestic animals infected with Trypanosoma evansi, with the hemolymph of Sarcophaga argyostoma larva. The hemolymph may be acting as a possible natural alternative to berenil, based on immunomodulation mediated inflammatory response. Inflammatory mediators and histopathological changes in liver, kidney, and spleen of albino mice experimentally infected with T. evansi were studied. Mice were divided into five groups: G1, uninfected, untreated (negative control); G2, T. evansi infected (positive control); G3, infected and treated with berenil; G4, infected and treated with hemolymph; G5, infected and treated with hemolymph 3 days before infection (prophylactic group). Animals in (G4) and (G5) exhibited a significant overall reduction in serum levels of IFN-γ. However, the reduction in TNF-α and IL-6 levels was more limited compared to (G2) and (G3). Notably, an elevation in IL-10 levels was observed compared to animals in other groups. Furthermore, the groups treated with hemolymph demonstrated an alleviation of T. evansi infection in contrast to the other groups. This study highlights that the administration of Sarcophaga argyostoma larval hemolymph at a dosage of 0.5 ml/kg significantly inhibited T. evansi organisms in vivo, showcasing a pronounced trypanocidal effect. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:56:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2154ddf8ad1e421a862c9b76ff3d4640 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:56:45Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-2154ddf8ad1e421a862c9b76ff3d46402024-03-24T12:18:50ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-03-0114111310.1038/s41598-024-57113-yImmunomodulatory potential of Sarcophaga argyostoma larval hemolymph as a natural alternative to berenil in treating Trypanosoma evansi in vivoAl-Shaimaa M. Sadek0Doaa S. Farghaly1Hala Kadada2Alya Mashaal3Parasitology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar UniversityMedical Entomology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar UniversityTaxonomy, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar UniversityImmunology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar UniversityAbstract This study compared effects of diminazene aceturate (berenil), commonly used to treat domestic animals infected with Trypanosoma evansi, with the hemolymph of Sarcophaga argyostoma larva. The hemolymph may be acting as a possible natural alternative to berenil, based on immunomodulation mediated inflammatory response. Inflammatory mediators and histopathological changes in liver, kidney, and spleen of albino mice experimentally infected with T. evansi were studied. Mice were divided into five groups: G1, uninfected, untreated (negative control); G2, T. evansi infected (positive control); G3, infected and treated with berenil; G4, infected and treated with hemolymph; G5, infected and treated with hemolymph 3 days before infection (prophylactic group). Animals in (G4) and (G5) exhibited a significant overall reduction in serum levels of IFN-γ. However, the reduction in TNF-α and IL-6 levels was more limited compared to (G2) and (G3). Notably, an elevation in IL-10 levels was observed compared to animals in other groups. Furthermore, the groups treated with hemolymph demonstrated an alleviation of T. evansi infection in contrast to the other groups. This study highlights that the administration of Sarcophaga argyostoma larval hemolymph at a dosage of 0.5 ml/kg significantly inhibited T. evansi organisms in vivo, showcasing a pronounced trypanocidal effect.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57113-y |
| spellingShingle | Al-Shaimaa M. Sadek Doaa S. Farghaly Hala Kadada Alya Mashaal Immunomodulatory potential of Sarcophaga argyostoma larval hemolymph as a natural alternative to berenil in treating Trypanosoma evansi in vivo Scientific Reports |
| title | Immunomodulatory potential of Sarcophaga argyostoma larval hemolymph as a natural alternative to berenil in treating Trypanosoma evansi in vivo |
| title_full | Immunomodulatory potential of Sarcophaga argyostoma larval hemolymph as a natural alternative to berenil in treating Trypanosoma evansi in vivo |
| title_fullStr | Immunomodulatory potential of Sarcophaga argyostoma larval hemolymph as a natural alternative to berenil in treating Trypanosoma evansi in vivo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunomodulatory potential of Sarcophaga argyostoma larval hemolymph as a natural alternative to berenil in treating Trypanosoma evansi in vivo |
| title_short | Immunomodulatory potential of Sarcophaga argyostoma larval hemolymph as a natural alternative to berenil in treating Trypanosoma evansi in vivo |
| title_sort | immunomodulatory potential of sarcophaga argyostoma larval hemolymph as a natural alternative to berenil in treating trypanosoma evansi in vivo |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57113-y |
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