Type A Trichothecene Metabolic Profile Differentiation, Mechanisms, Biosynthetic Pathways, and Evolution in <i>Fusarium</i> Species—A Mini Review

Trichothecenes are the most common <i>Fusarium</i> toxins detected in grains and related products. Type A trichothecenes are among the mycotoxins of greatest concern to food and feed safety due to their high toxicity. Recently, two different trichothecene genotypes within <i>Fusari...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jianhua Wang, Mengyuan Zhang, Junhua Yang, Xianli Yang, Jiahui Zhang, Zhihui Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-07-01
Series:Toxins
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/7/446
Description
Summary:Trichothecenes are the most common <i>Fusarium</i> toxins detected in grains and related products. Type A trichothecenes are among the mycotoxins of greatest concern to food and feed safety due to their high toxicity. Recently, two different trichothecene genotypes within <i>Fusarium</i> species were reported. The available information showed that <i>Tri1</i> and <i>Tri16</i> genes are the key determinants of the trichothecene profiles of T-2 and DAS genotypes. In this review, polymorphisms in the <i>Tri1</i> and <i>Tri16</i> genes in the two genotypes were investigated. Meanwhile, the functions of genes involved in DAS and NEO biosynthesis are discussed. The possible biosynthetic pathways of DAS and NEO are proposed in this review, which will facilitate the understanding of the synthesis process of trichothecenes in <i>Fusarium</i> strains and may also inspire researchers to design and conduct further research. Together, the review provides insight into trichothecene profile differentiation and <i>Tri</i> gene evolutionary processes responsible for the structural diversification of trichothecene produced by <i>Fusarium</i>.
ISSN:2072-6651