Type A Trichothecene Metabolic Profile Differentiation, Mechanisms, Biosynthetic Pathways, and Evolution in <i>Fusarium</i> Species—A Mini Review
Trichothecenes are the most common <i>Fusarium</i> toxins detected in grains and related products. Type A trichothecenes are among the mycotoxins of greatest concern to food and feed safety due to their high toxicity. Recently, two different trichothecene genotypes within <i>Fusari...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/7/446 |
| _version_ | 1797587344996433920 |
|---|---|
| author | Jianhua Wang Mengyuan Zhang Junhua Yang Xianli Yang Jiahui Zhang Zhihui Zhao |
| author_facet | Jianhua Wang Mengyuan Zhang Junhua Yang Xianli Yang Jiahui Zhang Zhihui Zhao |
| author_sort | Jianhua Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Trichothecenes are the most common <i>Fusarium</i> toxins detected in grains and related products. Type A trichothecenes are among the mycotoxins of greatest concern to food and feed safety due to their high toxicity. Recently, two different trichothecene genotypes within <i>Fusarium</i> species were reported. The available information showed that <i>Tri1</i> and <i>Tri16</i> genes are the key determinants of the trichothecene profiles of T-2 and DAS genotypes. In this review, polymorphisms in the <i>Tri1</i> and <i>Tri16</i> genes in the two genotypes were investigated. Meanwhile, the functions of genes involved in DAS and NEO biosynthesis are discussed. The possible biosynthetic pathways of DAS and NEO are proposed in this review, which will facilitate the understanding of the synthesis process of trichothecenes in <i>Fusarium</i> strains and may also inspire researchers to design and conduct further research. Together, the review provides insight into trichothecene profile differentiation and <i>Tri</i> gene evolutionary processes responsible for the structural diversification of trichothecene produced by <i>Fusarium</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:34:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2157fe337a2243e9845d47a27f1cf062 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:34:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-2157fe337a2243e9845d47a27f1cf0622023-11-18T21:38:19ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512023-07-0115744610.3390/toxins15070446Type A Trichothecene Metabolic Profile Differentiation, Mechanisms, Biosynthetic Pathways, and Evolution in <i>Fusarium</i> Species—A Mini ReviewJianhua Wang0Mengyuan Zhang1Junhua Yang2Xianli Yang3Jiahui Zhang4Zhihui Zhao5Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, ChinaInstitute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, ChinaInstitute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, ChinaInstitute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, ChinaInstitute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, ChinaInstitute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, ChinaTrichothecenes are the most common <i>Fusarium</i> toxins detected in grains and related products. Type A trichothecenes are among the mycotoxins of greatest concern to food and feed safety due to their high toxicity. Recently, two different trichothecene genotypes within <i>Fusarium</i> species were reported. The available information showed that <i>Tri1</i> and <i>Tri16</i> genes are the key determinants of the trichothecene profiles of T-2 and DAS genotypes. In this review, polymorphisms in the <i>Tri1</i> and <i>Tri16</i> genes in the two genotypes were investigated. Meanwhile, the functions of genes involved in DAS and NEO biosynthesis are discussed. The possible biosynthetic pathways of DAS and NEO are proposed in this review, which will facilitate the understanding of the synthesis process of trichothecenes in <i>Fusarium</i> strains and may also inspire researchers to design and conduct further research. Together, the review provides insight into trichothecene profile differentiation and <i>Tri</i> gene evolutionary processes responsible for the structural diversification of trichothecene produced by <i>Fusarium</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/7/446mycotoxinDASNEOT-2trichothecenes<i>Fusarium</i> species |
| spellingShingle | Jianhua Wang Mengyuan Zhang Junhua Yang Xianli Yang Jiahui Zhang Zhihui Zhao Type A Trichothecene Metabolic Profile Differentiation, Mechanisms, Biosynthetic Pathways, and Evolution in <i>Fusarium</i> Species—A Mini Review Toxins mycotoxin DAS NEO T-2 trichothecenes <i>Fusarium</i> species |
| title | Type A Trichothecene Metabolic Profile Differentiation, Mechanisms, Biosynthetic Pathways, and Evolution in <i>Fusarium</i> Species—A Mini Review |
| title_full | Type A Trichothecene Metabolic Profile Differentiation, Mechanisms, Biosynthetic Pathways, and Evolution in <i>Fusarium</i> Species—A Mini Review |
| title_fullStr | Type A Trichothecene Metabolic Profile Differentiation, Mechanisms, Biosynthetic Pathways, and Evolution in <i>Fusarium</i> Species—A Mini Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Type A Trichothecene Metabolic Profile Differentiation, Mechanisms, Biosynthetic Pathways, and Evolution in <i>Fusarium</i> Species—A Mini Review |
| title_short | Type A Trichothecene Metabolic Profile Differentiation, Mechanisms, Biosynthetic Pathways, and Evolution in <i>Fusarium</i> Species—A Mini Review |
| title_sort | type a trichothecene metabolic profile differentiation mechanisms biosynthetic pathways and evolution in i fusarium i species a mini review |
| topic | mycotoxin DAS NEO T-2 trichothecenes <i>Fusarium</i> species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/7/446 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jianhuawang typeatrichothecenemetabolicprofiledifferentiationmechanismsbiosyntheticpathwaysandevolutioninifusariumispeciesaminireview AT mengyuanzhang typeatrichothecenemetabolicprofiledifferentiationmechanismsbiosyntheticpathwaysandevolutioninifusariumispeciesaminireview AT junhuayang typeatrichothecenemetabolicprofiledifferentiationmechanismsbiosyntheticpathwaysandevolutioninifusariumispeciesaminireview AT xianliyang typeatrichothecenemetabolicprofiledifferentiationmechanismsbiosyntheticpathwaysandevolutioninifusariumispeciesaminireview AT jiahuizhang typeatrichothecenemetabolicprofiledifferentiationmechanismsbiosyntheticpathwaysandevolutioninifusariumispeciesaminireview AT zhihuizhao typeatrichothecenemetabolicprofiledifferentiationmechanismsbiosyntheticpathwaysandevolutioninifusariumispeciesaminireview |