Papilledema: epidemiology, etiology, and clinical management
Mohammed Rigi,1 Sumayya J Almarzouqi,2 Michael L Morgan,2 Andrew G Lee2–4 1Robert Cizik Eye Clinic, University of Texas, 2Department of Ophthalmology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Blanton Eye Institute, 3Baylor College of Medicine, 4Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2015-08-01
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| Series: | Eye and Brain |
| Online Access: | http://www.dovepress.com/papilledema-epidemiology-etiology-and-clinical-management-peer-reviewed-article-EB |
| _version_ | 1818549695277957120 |
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| author | Rigi M Almarzouqi SJ Morgan ML Lee AG |
| author_facet | Rigi M Almarzouqi SJ Morgan ML Lee AG |
| author_sort | Rigi M |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mohammed Rigi,1 Sumayya J Almarzouqi,2 Michael L Morgan,2 Andrew G Lee2–4 1Robert Cizik Eye Clinic, University of Texas, 2Department of Ophthalmology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Blanton Eye Institute, 3Baylor College of Medicine, 4Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, UTMB Galveston, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Abstract: Papilledema is optic disc swelling due to high intracranial pressure. Possible conditions causing high intracranial pressure and papilledema include intracerebral mass lesions, cerebral hemorrhage, head trauma, meningitis, hydrocephalus, spinal cord lesions, impairment of cerebral sinus drainage, anomalies of the cranium, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Irrespective of the cause, visual loss is the feared morbidity of papilledema, and the main mechanism of optic nerve damage is intraneuronal ischemia secondary to axoplasmic flow stasis. Treatment is directed at correcting the underlying cause. In cases where there is no other identifiable cause for intracranial hypertension (ie, IIH) the available options include both medical and surgical modalities. Weight loss and diuretics remain the mainstays for treatment of IIH, and surgery is typically reserved for patients who fail, are intolerant to, or non-compliant with maximum medical therapy. Keywords: papilledema, intracranial hypertension, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, epidemiology, papilledema management, papilledema etiology, acetazolamide, optic nerve sheath fenestration, ventriculoperitoneal shunt, lumboperitoneal shunt, venous sinus stenting |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:36:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2178ce80af984c2484979dfc24e00aac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1179-2744 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:36:42Z |
| publishDate | 2015-08-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Eye and Brain |
| spelling | doaj.art-2178ce80af984c2484979dfc24e00aac2022-12-22T00:30:54ZengDove Medical PressEye and Brain1179-27442015-08-012015default475723178Papilledema: epidemiology, etiology, and clinical managementRigi MAlmarzouqi SJMorgan MLLee AGMohammed Rigi,1 Sumayya J Almarzouqi,2 Michael L Morgan,2 Andrew G Lee2–4 1Robert Cizik Eye Clinic, University of Texas, 2Department of Ophthalmology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Blanton Eye Institute, 3Baylor College of Medicine, 4Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, UTMB Galveston, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Abstract: Papilledema is optic disc swelling due to high intracranial pressure. Possible conditions causing high intracranial pressure and papilledema include intracerebral mass lesions, cerebral hemorrhage, head trauma, meningitis, hydrocephalus, spinal cord lesions, impairment of cerebral sinus drainage, anomalies of the cranium, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Irrespective of the cause, visual loss is the feared morbidity of papilledema, and the main mechanism of optic nerve damage is intraneuronal ischemia secondary to axoplasmic flow stasis. Treatment is directed at correcting the underlying cause. In cases where there is no other identifiable cause for intracranial hypertension (ie, IIH) the available options include both medical and surgical modalities. Weight loss and diuretics remain the mainstays for treatment of IIH, and surgery is typically reserved for patients who fail, are intolerant to, or non-compliant with maximum medical therapy. Keywords: papilledema, intracranial hypertension, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, epidemiology, papilledema management, papilledema etiology, acetazolamide, optic nerve sheath fenestration, ventriculoperitoneal shunt, lumboperitoneal shunt, venous sinus stentinghttp://www.dovepress.com/papilledema-epidemiology-etiology-and-clinical-management-peer-reviewed-article-EB |
| spellingShingle | Rigi M Almarzouqi SJ Morgan ML Lee AG Papilledema: epidemiology, etiology, and clinical management Eye and Brain |
| title | Papilledema: epidemiology, etiology, and clinical management |
| title_full | Papilledema: epidemiology, etiology, and clinical management |
| title_fullStr | Papilledema: epidemiology, etiology, and clinical management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Papilledema: epidemiology, etiology, and clinical management |
| title_short | Papilledema: epidemiology, etiology, and clinical management |
| title_sort | papilledema epidemiology etiology and clinical management |
| url | http://www.dovepress.com/papilledema-epidemiology-etiology-and-clinical-management-peer-reviewed-article-EB |
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