Development and Up-Scaling of Electrochemical Production and Mild Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide
To reduce the global emissions of CO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, the a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/13/4639 |
| _version_ | 1797442823101874176 |
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| author | Markus Ostermann Peter Velicsanyi Pierluigi Bilotto Juergen Schodl Markus Nadlinger Guenter Fafilek Peter A. Lieberzeit Markus Valtiner |
| author_facet | Markus Ostermann Peter Velicsanyi Pierluigi Bilotto Juergen Schodl Markus Nadlinger Guenter Fafilek Peter A. Lieberzeit Markus Valtiner |
| author_sort | Markus Ostermann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To reduce the global emissions of CO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, the aviation industry largely relies on new light weight materials, which require multifunctional coatings. Graphene and its derivatives are particularly promising for combining light weight applications with functional coatings. Although they have proven to have outstanding properties, graphene and its precursor graphene oxide (GO) remain far from application at the industrial scale since a comprehensive protocol for mass production is still lacking. In this work, we develop and systematically describe a sustainable up-scaling process for the production of GO based on a three-step electrochemical exfoliation method. Surface characterization techniques (XRD, XPS and Raman) allow the understanding of the fast exfoliation rates obtained, and of high conductivities that are up to four orders of magnitude higher compared to GO produced via the commonly used modified Hummers method. Furthermore, we show that a newly developed mild thermal reduction at 250 °C is sufficient to increase conductivity by another order of magnitude, while limiting energy requirements. The proposed GO powder protocol suggests an up-scaling linear relation between the amount of educt surface and volume of electrolyte. This may support the mass production of GO-based coatings for the aviation industry, and address challenges such as low weight, fire, de-icing and lightning strike protection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:47:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-217c421580054578a7e6d1524234ae0d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:47:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-217c421580054578a7e6d1524234ae0d2023-11-30T22:10:21ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-07-011513463910.3390/ma15134639Development and Up-Scaling of Electrochemical Production and Mild Thermal Reduction of Graphene OxideMarkus Ostermann0Peter Velicsanyi1Pierluigi Bilotto2Juergen Schodl3Markus Nadlinger4Guenter Fafilek5Peter A. Lieberzeit6Markus Valtiner7Centre for Electrochemical Surface Technology, CEST GmbH, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, AustriaCentre for Electrochemical Surface Technology, CEST GmbH, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, AustriaCentre for Electrochemical Surface Technology, CEST GmbH, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, AustriaCentre for Electrochemical Surface Technology, CEST GmbH, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, AustriaCentre for Electrochemical Surface Technology, CEST GmbH, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, AustriaInstitute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, AustriaInstitute of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, AustriaCentre for Electrochemical Surface Technology, CEST GmbH, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, AustriaTo reduce the global emissions of CO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, the aviation industry largely relies on new light weight materials, which require multifunctional coatings. Graphene and its derivatives are particularly promising for combining light weight applications with functional coatings. Although they have proven to have outstanding properties, graphene and its precursor graphene oxide (GO) remain far from application at the industrial scale since a comprehensive protocol for mass production is still lacking. In this work, we develop and systematically describe a sustainable up-scaling process for the production of GO based on a three-step electrochemical exfoliation method. Surface characterization techniques (XRD, XPS and Raman) allow the understanding of the fast exfoliation rates obtained, and of high conductivities that are up to four orders of magnitude higher compared to GO produced via the commonly used modified Hummers method. Furthermore, we show that a newly developed mild thermal reduction at 250 °C is sufficient to increase conductivity by another order of magnitude, while limiting energy requirements. The proposed GO powder protocol suggests an up-scaling linear relation between the amount of educt surface and volume of electrolyte. This may support the mass production of GO-based coatings for the aviation industry, and address challenges such as low weight, fire, de-icing and lightning strike protection.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/13/4639graphene oxidereduced graphene oxideup-scalingthermal reductionaeronautical applicationpolymer filler |
| spellingShingle | Markus Ostermann Peter Velicsanyi Pierluigi Bilotto Juergen Schodl Markus Nadlinger Guenter Fafilek Peter A. Lieberzeit Markus Valtiner Development and Up-Scaling of Electrochemical Production and Mild Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide Materials graphene oxide reduced graphene oxide up-scaling thermal reduction aeronautical application polymer filler |
| title | Development and Up-Scaling of Electrochemical Production and Mild Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide |
| title_full | Development and Up-Scaling of Electrochemical Production and Mild Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide |
| title_fullStr | Development and Up-Scaling of Electrochemical Production and Mild Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Up-Scaling of Electrochemical Production and Mild Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide |
| title_short | Development and Up-Scaling of Electrochemical Production and Mild Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide |
| title_sort | development and up scaling of electrochemical production and mild thermal reduction of graphene oxide |
| topic | graphene oxide reduced graphene oxide up-scaling thermal reduction aeronautical application polymer filler |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/13/4639 |
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