Laser Spectroscopic Characterization for the Rapid Detection of Nutrients along with CN Molecular Emission Band in Plant-Biochar
We report a quantitative analysis of various plant-biochar samples (S1, S2 and S3) by utilizing a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. For LIBS analysis, laser-induced microplasma was generated on the target surface by using a focused beam through a high-power Nd: YAG laser and opt...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/15/5048 |
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| author | Tahani A. Alrebdi Amir Fayyaz Haroon Asghar Samira Elaissi Lamia Abu El Maati |
| author_facet | Tahani A. Alrebdi Amir Fayyaz Haroon Asghar Samira Elaissi Lamia Abu El Maati |
| author_sort | Tahani A. Alrebdi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We report a quantitative analysis of various plant-biochar samples (S1, S2 and S3) by utilizing a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. For LIBS analysis, laser-induced microplasma was generated on the target surface by using a focused beam through a high-power Nd: YAG laser and optical emission spectra were recorded using a charged coupled device (CCD) array spectrometer, with wavelength ranges from 200 nm to 720 nm. The spectroscopical analysis showed the existence of various ingredients, including H, Li, Ca, Na, Al, Zn, Mg, Sr, Si, and Fe, along with a CN molecular emission band due to B<sup>2</sup>Σ<sup>+</sup> − X<sup>2</sup>Σ<sup>+</sup> electronic transition. By assuming conditions of the plasma is optically thin and in LTE, calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) was utilized for the compositional analysis of the ingredients present in the three plant-biochar samples. To lower the uncertainties, we used an average composition (%) of the three plant-biochar samples. The quantitative study of the plant-biochar samples was also achieved using the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) technique, showing good agreement with the CF-LIBS technique. In addition, statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA), was performed for the clustering and classification of the three plant-biochar samples. The first three PCs explained an overall ~91% of the variation in LIBS spectral data, including PC1 (58.71%), PC2 (20.9%), and PC3 (11.4%). These findings suggest that LIBS is a robust tool for rapid measurement of heavy as well as light elements, such as H, Li, and nutritional metals in plant-biochar samples. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:08:46Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:08:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-2183abb7a4f144df9437c9dc2b39605b2023-12-03T12:51:17ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-08-012715504810.3390/molecules27155048Laser Spectroscopic Characterization for the Rapid Detection of Nutrients along with CN Molecular Emission Band in Plant-BiocharTahani A. Alrebdi0Amir Fayyaz1Haroon Asghar2Samira Elaissi3Lamia Abu El Maati4Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaNational Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad 45320, PakistanNational Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaWe report a quantitative analysis of various plant-biochar samples (S1, S2 and S3) by utilizing a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. For LIBS analysis, laser-induced microplasma was generated on the target surface by using a focused beam through a high-power Nd: YAG laser and optical emission spectra were recorded using a charged coupled device (CCD) array spectrometer, with wavelength ranges from 200 nm to 720 nm. The spectroscopical analysis showed the existence of various ingredients, including H, Li, Ca, Na, Al, Zn, Mg, Sr, Si, and Fe, along with a CN molecular emission band due to B<sup>2</sup>Σ<sup>+</sup> − X<sup>2</sup>Σ<sup>+</sup> electronic transition. By assuming conditions of the plasma is optically thin and in LTE, calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) was utilized for the compositional analysis of the ingredients present in the three plant-biochar samples. To lower the uncertainties, we used an average composition (%) of the three plant-biochar samples. The quantitative study of the plant-biochar samples was also achieved using the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) technique, showing good agreement with the CF-LIBS technique. In addition, statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA), was performed for the clustering and classification of the three plant-biochar samples. The first three PCs explained an overall ~91% of the variation in LIBS spectral data, including PC1 (58.71%), PC2 (20.9%), and PC3 (11.4%). These findings suggest that LIBS is a robust tool for rapid measurement of heavy as well as light elements, such as H, Li, and nutritional metals in plant-biochar samples.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/15/5048plant-biocharCF-LIBSCN molecular bandLTEchemical compositionEDX |
| spellingShingle | Tahani A. Alrebdi Amir Fayyaz Haroon Asghar Samira Elaissi Lamia Abu El Maati Laser Spectroscopic Characterization for the Rapid Detection of Nutrients along with CN Molecular Emission Band in Plant-Biochar Molecules plant-biochar CF-LIBS CN molecular band LTE chemical composition EDX |
| title | Laser Spectroscopic Characterization for the Rapid Detection of Nutrients along with CN Molecular Emission Band in Plant-Biochar |
| title_full | Laser Spectroscopic Characterization for the Rapid Detection of Nutrients along with CN Molecular Emission Band in Plant-Biochar |
| title_fullStr | Laser Spectroscopic Characterization for the Rapid Detection of Nutrients along with CN Molecular Emission Band in Plant-Biochar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Laser Spectroscopic Characterization for the Rapid Detection of Nutrients along with CN Molecular Emission Band in Plant-Biochar |
| title_short | Laser Spectroscopic Characterization for the Rapid Detection of Nutrients along with CN Molecular Emission Band in Plant-Biochar |
| title_sort | laser spectroscopic characterization for the rapid detection of nutrients along with cn molecular emission band in plant biochar |
| topic | plant-biochar CF-LIBS CN molecular band LTE chemical composition EDX |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/15/5048 |
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