Morphological changes of glutamatergic synapses in animal models of Parkinson’s disease
The striatum and the subthalamic nucleus are the main entry doors for extrinsic inputs to reach the basal ganglia circuitry. The cerebral cortex, thalamus and brainstem are the key sources of glutamatergic inputs to these nuclei. There is functional and neurochemical evidence that glutamatergic neur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroanatomy |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnana.2015.00117/full |
| _version_ | 1818893469866786816 |
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| author | Rosa M Villalba Rosa M Villalba Abraham eMathai Abraham eMathai Yoland eSmith Yoland eSmith Yoland eSmith |
| author_facet | Rosa M Villalba Rosa M Villalba Abraham eMathai Abraham eMathai Yoland eSmith Yoland eSmith Yoland eSmith |
| author_sort | Rosa M Villalba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The striatum and the subthalamic nucleus are the main entry doors for extrinsic inputs to reach the basal ganglia circuitry. The cerebral cortex, thalamus and brainstem are the key sources of glutamatergic inputs to these nuclei. There is functional and neurochemical evidence that glutamatergic neurotransmission is altered in the striatum and subthalamic nucleus of animal models of Parkinson’s disease, and that these changes may contribute to aberrant network neuronal activity in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry. Postmortem studies of animal models and PD patients have revealed significant pathology of glutamatergic synapses, dendritic spines and microcircuits in the striatum of parkinsonians. More recent findings have also demonstrated a significant breakdown of the glutamatergic corticosubthalamic system in parkinsonian monkeys. In this review, we will discuss evidence for synaptic glutamatergic dysfunction and pathology of cortical and thalamic inputs to the striatum and subthalamic nucleus in models of Parkinson’s disease. The potential functional implication of these alterations on synaptic integration, processing and transmission of extrinsic information through the basal ganglia circuits will be considered. Finally, the significance of these pathological changes in the pathophysiology of motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease will be examined. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T18:13:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-218656395a3d40349505f033b35ef6fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5129 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T18:13:06Z |
| publishDate | 2015-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroanatomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-218656395a3d40349505f033b35ef6fc2022-12-21T20:11:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroanatomy1662-51292015-09-01910.3389/fnana.2015.00117156509Morphological changes of glutamatergic synapses in animal models of Parkinson’s diseaseRosa M Villalba0Rosa M Villalba1Abraham eMathai2Abraham eMathai3Yoland eSmith4Yoland eSmith5Yoland eSmith6Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory UniversityUDALL Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory UniversityYerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory UniversityUDALL Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory UniversityYerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory UniversityUDALL Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory UniversitySchool of Medicine, Emory UniversityThe striatum and the subthalamic nucleus are the main entry doors for extrinsic inputs to reach the basal ganglia circuitry. The cerebral cortex, thalamus and brainstem are the key sources of glutamatergic inputs to these nuclei. There is functional and neurochemical evidence that glutamatergic neurotransmission is altered in the striatum and subthalamic nucleus of animal models of Parkinson’s disease, and that these changes may contribute to aberrant network neuronal activity in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry. Postmortem studies of animal models and PD patients have revealed significant pathology of glutamatergic synapses, dendritic spines and microcircuits in the striatum of parkinsonians. More recent findings have also demonstrated a significant breakdown of the glutamatergic corticosubthalamic system in parkinsonian monkeys. In this review, we will discuss evidence for synaptic glutamatergic dysfunction and pathology of cortical and thalamic inputs to the striatum and subthalamic nucleus in models of Parkinson’s disease. The potential functional implication of these alterations on synaptic integration, processing and transmission of extrinsic information through the basal ganglia circuits will be considered. Finally, the significance of these pathological changes in the pathophysiology of motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease will be examined.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnana.2015.00117/fullSubthalamic NucleusStriatumsynaptic plasticityglutamatergic synapsesParkinsons's diseaseVGLUT |
| spellingShingle | Rosa M Villalba Rosa M Villalba Abraham eMathai Abraham eMathai Yoland eSmith Yoland eSmith Yoland eSmith Morphological changes of glutamatergic synapses in animal models of Parkinson’s disease Frontiers in Neuroanatomy Subthalamic Nucleus Striatum synaptic plasticity glutamatergic synapses Parkinsons's disease VGLUT |
| title | Morphological changes of glutamatergic synapses in animal models of Parkinson’s disease |
| title_full | Morphological changes of glutamatergic synapses in animal models of Parkinson’s disease |
| title_fullStr | Morphological changes of glutamatergic synapses in animal models of Parkinson’s disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphological changes of glutamatergic synapses in animal models of Parkinson’s disease |
| title_short | Morphological changes of glutamatergic synapses in animal models of Parkinson’s disease |
| title_sort | morphological changes of glutamatergic synapses in animal models of parkinson s disease |
| topic | Subthalamic Nucleus Striatum synaptic plasticity glutamatergic synapses Parkinsons's disease VGLUT |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnana.2015.00117/full |
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