WLQRP: A Weighting Link-Quality-Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks
Due to challenges posed by long propagation distances, high mobility, limited bandwidth, multipath propagation, and Doppler effects in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), the design of routing protocols faces numerous complexities. To enhance reliability in sparse node regions and reduce ne...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/24/5651 |
| _version_ | 1797379475225182208 |
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| author | Jianmin Yang Jiahui Wang Haitao Yu Yexin Gao Zhuoqian Wu Zhihong Peng |
| author_facet | Jianmin Yang Jiahui Wang Haitao Yu Yexin Gao Zhuoqian Wu Zhihong Peng |
| author_sort | Jianmin Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to challenges posed by long propagation distances, high mobility, limited bandwidth, multipath propagation, and Doppler effects in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), the design of routing protocols faces numerous complexities. To enhance reliability in sparse node regions and reduce network energy consumption, this paper proposes a dependable and energy-efficient routing protocol termed WLQRP for weighting link-quality-based routing protocol. WLQRP leverages link quality information between nodes for data forwarding. When computing the link quality between nodes, it considers not only the historical transmission success ratio between nodes and their immediate relay but also incorporates the link quality between the relay and the relay’s next-hop nodes. This approach effectively reduces the likelihood of encountering void regions. Moreover, the protocol judiciously selects the next-hop node to improve transmission success rates, thereby minimizing data packet retransmissions and reducing energy consumption. We conduct MATLAB simulations to evaluate the WLQRP protocol, comparing it against the VBF (vector-based forwarding) and the HH-VBF (hop-by-hop vector-based forwarding) underwater routing protocol. Experimental results demonstrate that WLQRP enhances network performance in terms of data transmission rate, energy consumption, and end-to-end delay. These findings validate the efficacy of the proposed protocol. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:23:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-218947272ccd42a284acdaf9c6df99f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:23:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-218947272ccd42a284acdaf9c6df99f92023-12-22T14:38:52ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-12-011524565110.3390/rs15245651WLQRP: A Weighting Link-Quality-Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor NetworksJianmin Yang0Jiahui Wang1Haitao Yu2Yexin Gao3Zhuoqian Wu4Zhihong Peng5School of Ocean Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, ChinaSchool of Ocean Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, ChinaCollege of Tourism and Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, ChinaSchool of Ocean Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, ChinaSchool of Ocean Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, ChinaSchool of Ocean Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, ChinaDue to challenges posed by long propagation distances, high mobility, limited bandwidth, multipath propagation, and Doppler effects in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), the design of routing protocols faces numerous complexities. To enhance reliability in sparse node regions and reduce network energy consumption, this paper proposes a dependable and energy-efficient routing protocol termed WLQRP for weighting link-quality-based routing protocol. WLQRP leverages link quality information between nodes for data forwarding. When computing the link quality between nodes, it considers not only the historical transmission success ratio between nodes and their immediate relay but also incorporates the link quality between the relay and the relay’s next-hop nodes. This approach effectively reduces the likelihood of encountering void regions. Moreover, the protocol judiciously selects the next-hop node to improve transmission success rates, thereby minimizing data packet retransmissions and reducing energy consumption. We conduct MATLAB simulations to evaluate the WLQRP protocol, comparing it against the VBF (vector-based forwarding) and the HH-VBF (hop-by-hop vector-based forwarding) underwater routing protocol. Experimental results demonstrate that WLQRP enhances network performance in terms of data transmission rate, energy consumption, and end-to-end delay. These findings validate the efficacy of the proposed protocol.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/24/5651underwater sensor networkrouting protocolchannel-aware communications |
| spellingShingle | Jianmin Yang Jiahui Wang Haitao Yu Yexin Gao Zhuoqian Wu Zhihong Peng WLQRP: A Weighting Link-Quality-Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks Remote Sensing underwater sensor network routing protocol channel-aware communications |
| title | WLQRP: A Weighting Link-Quality-Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks |
| title_full | WLQRP: A Weighting Link-Quality-Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks |
| title_fullStr | WLQRP: A Weighting Link-Quality-Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | WLQRP: A Weighting Link-Quality-Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks |
| title_short | WLQRP: A Weighting Link-Quality-Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks |
| title_sort | wlqrp a weighting link quality based routing protocol for underwater sensor networks |
| topic | underwater sensor network routing protocol channel-aware communications |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/24/5651 |
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