Drug Resistance Profile Among HIV-1 Infections Experiencing ART with Low-Level Viral Load in Guangdong China During 2011–2022: A Retrospective Study
Yun Lan,1,* Xuemei Ling,1,2,* Xizi Deng,1,* Yaqing Lin,1 Junbin Li,1,2 Liya Li,1 Ruiying He,1 Weiping Cai,1 Feng Li,1,* Linghua Li,1 Fengyu Hu1 1Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510440, People’s Republic of China; 2Guangdong...
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Dove Medical Press
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Infection and Drug Resistance |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/drug-resistance-profile-among-hiv-1-infections-experiencing-art-with-l-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR |
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| author | Lan Y Ling X Deng X Lin Y Li J Li L He R Cai W Li F Li L Hu F |
| author_facet | Lan Y Ling X Deng X Lin Y Li J Li L He R Cai W Li F Li L Hu F |
| author_sort | Lan Y |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Yun Lan,1,* Xuemei Ling,1,2,* Xizi Deng,1,* Yaqing Lin,1 Junbin Li,1,2 Liya Li,1 Ruiying He,1 Weiping Cai,1 Feng Li,1,* Linghua Li,1 Fengyu Hu1 1Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510440, People’s Republic of China; 2Guangdong Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of AIDS, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Fengyu Hu; Linghua Li, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510440, People’s Republic of China, Email gz8hhfy@126.com; llheliza@126.comBackground: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficiently reduces the morbidities and mortalities caused by HIV-1 infection and prevents the HIV epidemic. However, virologic failure (VF) occurs in some patients receiving ART experience, especially increases in those patients with intermittent or persistent low-level viremia (LLV). The presence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in LLV was a strong predictor of subsequent VF. The data on drug resistance (DR) or DRMs for HIV-1 infections at low-level viral load (LLVL) are limited in China.Objective: To monitor the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance and to evaluate the risk factors associated with drug resistance in LLVL HIV-1 infections during ART in Guangdong, China.Methods: Plasma samples with LLVL during ART in Guangdong Province between Jan 2011 and Dec 2022 were subjected to a modified reverse-transcription PCR with a pre-step of virus concentration by ultracentrifugation before extraction and the Sanger sequencing. Then, the genotypic resistance test was performed and DR was analyzed by the Stanford HIVDB program. Finally, DR-associated factors were identified by logistic regression analysis.Results: We found that CRF01_AE (53.57%) and CRF07_BC (25.07%) were the dominant HIV-1 genotypes in LLVL in Guangdong between 2011 and 2022 but that the percentage of CRF01_AE showed a trend of decrease over time. M46 (1.49%), M184 (30.91%), and K103 (21.46%) were the dominant PI-, NRTI-, and NNRTI-associated mutations, respectively. The total DR rate was 47.06%. Specifically, PI (3.71%) showed a significantly lower DR rate than NNRTI (40.74%) and NRTI (34.14%). Duration of ART, initial ART regimen, ethnicity, and WHO clinical stages were associated with DR.Conclusion: The drug resistance rate among the LLVL during ART in Guangdong, China is high. The risk factors associated with HIV drug resistance should be seriously considered for better control.Keywords: HIV, low-level viral load, drug resistance mutation, drug resistance |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T20:32:01Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-6973 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T20:32:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Infection and Drug Resistance |
| spelling | doaj.art-218ef9670c184c4ebdd03315f1052bd62023-08-01T19:38:38ZengDove Medical PressInfection and Drug Resistance1178-69732023-07-01Volume 164953496485564Drug Resistance Profile Among HIV-1 Infections Experiencing ART with Low-Level Viral Load in Guangdong China During 2011–2022: A Retrospective StudyLan YLing XDeng XLin YLi JLi LHe RCai WLi FLi LHu FYun Lan,1,* Xuemei Ling,1,2,* Xizi Deng,1,* Yaqing Lin,1 Junbin Li,1,2 Liya Li,1 Ruiying He,1 Weiping Cai,1 Feng Li,1,* Linghua Li,1 Fengyu Hu1 1Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510440, People’s Republic of China; 2Guangdong Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of AIDS, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Fengyu Hu; Linghua Li, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510440, People’s Republic of China, Email gz8hhfy@126.com; llheliza@126.comBackground: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficiently reduces the morbidities and mortalities caused by HIV-1 infection and prevents the HIV epidemic. However, virologic failure (VF) occurs in some patients receiving ART experience, especially increases in those patients with intermittent or persistent low-level viremia (LLV). The presence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in LLV was a strong predictor of subsequent VF. The data on drug resistance (DR) or DRMs for HIV-1 infections at low-level viral load (LLVL) are limited in China.Objective: To monitor the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance and to evaluate the risk factors associated with drug resistance in LLVL HIV-1 infections during ART in Guangdong, China.Methods: Plasma samples with LLVL during ART in Guangdong Province between Jan 2011 and Dec 2022 were subjected to a modified reverse-transcription PCR with a pre-step of virus concentration by ultracentrifugation before extraction and the Sanger sequencing. Then, the genotypic resistance test was performed and DR was analyzed by the Stanford HIVDB program. Finally, DR-associated factors were identified by logistic regression analysis.Results: We found that CRF01_AE (53.57%) and CRF07_BC (25.07%) were the dominant HIV-1 genotypes in LLVL in Guangdong between 2011 and 2022 but that the percentage of CRF01_AE showed a trend of decrease over time. M46 (1.49%), M184 (30.91%), and K103 (21.46%) were the dominant PI-, NRTI-, and NNRTI-associated mutations, respectively. The total DR rate was 47.06%. Specifically, PI (3.71%) showed a significantly lower DR rate than NNRTI (40.74%) and NRTI (34.14%). Duration of ART, initial ART regimen, ethnicity, and WHO clinical stages were associated with DR.Conclusion: The drug resistance rate among the LLVL during ART in Guangdong, China is high. The risk factors associated with HIV drug resistance should be seriously considered for better control.Keywords: HIV, low-level viral load, drug resistance mutation, drug resistancehttps://www.dovepress.com/drug-resistance-profile-among-hiv-1-infections-experiencing-art-with-l-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDRhivlow-level viral loaddrug resistance mutationdrug resistance |
| spellingShingle | Lan Y Ling X Deng X Lin Y Li J Li L He R Cai W Li F Li L Hu F Drug Resistance Profile Among HIV-1 Infections Experiencing ART with Low-Level Viral Load in Guangdong China During 2011–2022: A Retrospective Study Infection and Drug Resistance hiv low-level viral load drug resistance mutation drug resistance |
| title | Drug Resistance Profile Among HIV-1 Infections Experiencing ART with Low-Level Viral Load in Guangdong China During 2011–2022: A Retrospective Study |
| title_full | Drug Resistance Profile Among HIV-1 Infections Experiencing ART with Low-Level Viral Load in Guangdong China During 2011–2022: A Retrospective Study |
| title_fullStr | Drug Resistance Profile Among HIV-1 Infections Experiencing ART with Low-Level Viral Load in Guangdong China During 2011–2022: A Retrospective Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drug Resistance Profile Among HIV-1 Infections Experiencing ART with Low-Level Viral Load in Guangdong China During 2011–2022: A Retrospective Study |
| title_short | Drug Resistance Profile Among HIV-1 Infections Experiencing ART with Low-Level Viral Load in Guangdong China During 2011–2022: A Retrospective Study |
| title_sort | drug resistance profile among hiv 1 infections experiencing art with low level viral load in guangdong china during 2011 ndash 2022 a retrospective study |
| topic | hiv low-level viral load drug resistance mutation drug resistance |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/drug-resistance-profile-among-hiv-1-infections-experiencing-art-with-l-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR |
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