Direct and indirect costs for hospitalized patients with dengue in Southern Sri Lanka
Abstract Background The Southern Province of Sri Lanka is endemic with dengue, with frequent outbreaks and occurrence of severe disease. However, the economic burden of dengue is poorly quantified. Therefore, we conducted a cost analysis to assess the direct and indirect costs associated with hospit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Health Services Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08048-5 |
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| author | N. P. Weerasinghe C. K. Bodinayake W. M. D. G. B. Wijayaratne I. V. Devasiri N. J. Dahanayake M. R. P. Kurukulasooriya M. Premamali T. Sheng B. P. Nicholson H. A. Ubeysekera A. D. de Silva T. Østbye C. W. Woods L. G. Tillekeratne A De S Nagahawatte |
| author_facet | N. P. Weerasinghe C. K. Bodinayake W. M. D. G. B. Wijayaratne I. V. Devasiri N. J. Dahanayake M. R. P. Kurukulasooriya M. Premamali T. Sheng B. P. Nicholson H. A. Ubeysekera A. D. de Silva T. Østbye C. W. Woods L. G. Tillekeratne A De S Nagahawatte |
| author_sort | N. P. Weerasinghe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The Southern Province of Sri Lanka is endemic with dengue, with frequent outbreaks and occurrence of severe disease. However, the economic burden of dengue is poorly quantified. Therefore, we conducted a cost analysis to assess the direct and indirect costs associated with hospitalized patients with dengue to households and to the public healthcare system. Methods From June 2017–December 2018, we prospectively enrolled children and adults with acute dengue hospitalized at the largest, public tertiary-care (1800 bed) hospital in the Southern Province, Sri Lanka. We administered a structured questionnaire to obtain information regarding direct costs spent by households on medical visits, medications, laboratory testing, and travel for seeking care for the illness. Indirect costs lost by households were estimated by identifying the days of work lost by patients and caregivers and school days lost by children. Direct hospital costs were estimated using gross costing approach and adjusted by multiplying by annual inflation rates in Sri Lankan rupees and converted to US dollars. Results A total of 1064 patients with laboratory-confirmed dengue were enrolled. The mean age (SD) was 35.9 years (15.6) with male predominance (66.2%). The mean durations of hospitalization for adults and paediatric patients were 3.86 (SD = 1.51) and 4 (SD = 1.32) days, respectively. The per-capita direct cost borne by the healthcare system was 233.76 USD, and was approximately 14 times greater than the per-capita direct cost borne by households (16.29 USD, SD = 14.02). The per-capita average number of loss of working days was 21.51 (SD = 41.71), with mean per-capita loss of income due to loss of work being 303.99 USD (SD = 569.77), accounting for over 70% of average monthly income. On average, 10.88 days (SD = 10.97) of school days were missed due to the dengue episode. School misses were expected to reduce future annual income of affected children by 0.44%. Conclusions Dengue requiring hospitalization had a substantial economic burden on the public healthcare system in Sri Lanka and the affected households. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening dengue control activities and improved use of hospital-based resources for care to reduce the economic impact of dengue in Sri Lanka. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:23:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-218f9ace9ad5442f95ac97b97d819063 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6963 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:23:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Health Services Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-218f9ace9ad5442f95ac97b97d8190632022-12-22T00:31:19ZengBMCBMC Health Services Research1472-69632022-05-012211910.1186/s12913-022-08048-5Direct and indirect costs for hospitalized patients with dengue in Southern Sri LankaN. P. Weerasinghe0C. K. Bodinayake1W. M. D. G. B. Wijayaratne2I. V. Devasiri3N. J. Dahanayake4M. R. P. Kurukulasooriya5M. Premamali6T. Sheng7B. P. Nicholson8H. A. Ubeysekera9A. D. de Silva10T. Østbye11C. W. Woods12L. G. Tillekeratne13A De S Nagahawatte14Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of RuhunaDuke-Ruhuna Collaborative Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of RuhunaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of RuhunaDuke-Ruhuna Collaborative Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of RuhunaDuke-Ruhuna Collaborative Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of RuhunaDuke-Ruhuna Collaborative Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of RuhunaDuke-Ruhuna Collaborative Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of RuhunaDuke-Ruhuna Collaborative Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of RuhunaDuke-Ruhuna Collaborative Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of RuhunaTeaching Hospital, KarapitiyaFaculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence UniversityDuke-Ruhuna Collaborative Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of RuhunaDuke-Ruhuna Collaborative Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of RuhunaDuke-Ruhuna Collaborative Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of RuhunaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of RuhunaAbstract Background The Southern Province of Sri Lanka is endemic with dengue, with frequent outbreaks and occurrence of severe disease. However, the economic burden of dengue is poorly quantified. Therefore, we conducted a cost analysis to assess the direct and indirect costs associated with hospitalized patients with dengue to households and to the public healthcare system. Methods From June 2017–December 2018, we prospectively enrolled children and adults with acute dengue hospitalized at the largest, public tertiary-care (1800 bed) hospital in the Southern Province, Sri Lanka. We administered a structured questionnaire to obtain information regarding direct costs spent by households on medical visits, medications, laboratory testing, and travel for seeking care for the illness. Indirect costs lost by households were estimated by identifying the days of work lost by patients and caregivers and school days lost by children. Direct hospital costs were estimated using gross costing approach and adjusted by multiplying by annual inflation rates in Sri Lankan rupees and converted to US dollars. Results A total of 1064 patients with laboratory-confirmed dengue were enrolled. The mean age (SD) was 35.9 years (15.6) with male predominance (66.2%). The mean durations of hospitalization for adults and paediatric patients were 3.86 (SD = 1.51) and 4 (SD = 1.32) days, respectively. The per-capita direct cost borne by the healthcare system was 233.76 USD, and was approximately 14 times greater than the per-capita direct cost borne by households (16.29 USD, SD = 14.02). The per-capita average number of loss of working days was 21.51 (SD = 41.71), with mean per-capita loss of income due to loss of work being 303.99 USD (SD = 569.77), accounting for over 70% of average monthly income. On average, 10.88 days (SD = 10.97) of school days were missed due to the dengue episode. School misses were expected to reduce future annual income of affected children by 0.44%. Conclusions Dengue requiring hospitalization had a substantial economic burden on the public healthcare system in Sri Lanka and the affected households. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening dengue control activities and improved use of hospital-based resources for care to reduce the economic impact of dengue in Sri Lanka.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08048-5DengueDirect costsIndirect costsSri Lanka |
| spellingShingle | N. P. Weerasinghe C. K. Bodinayake W. M. D. G. B. Wijayaratne I. V. Devasiri N. J. Dahanayake M. R. P. Kurukulasooriya M. Premamali T. Sheng B. P. Nicholson H. A. Ubeysekera A. D. de Silva T. Østbye C. W. Woods L. G. Tillekeratne A De S Nagahawatte Direct and indirect costs for hospitalized patients with dengue in Southern Sri Lanka BMC Health Services Research Dengue Direct costs Indirect costs Sri Lanka |
| title | Direct and indirect costs for hospitalized patients with dengue in Southern Sri Lanka |
| title_full | Direct and indirect costs for hospitalized patients with dengue in Southern Sri Lanka |
| title_fullStr | Direct and indirect costs for hospitalized patients with dengue in Southern Sri Lanka |
| title_full_unstemmed | Direct and indirect costs for hospitalized patients with dengue in Southern Sri Lanka |
| title_short | Direct and indirect costs for hospitalized patients with dengue in Southern Sri Lanka |
| title_sort | direct and indirect costs for hospitalized patients with dengue in southern sri lanka |
| topic | Dengue Direct costs Indirect costs Sri Lanka |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08048-5 |
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