Perception and willingness toward various immunization routes for COVID-19 vaccines: a cross-sectional survey in China
BackgroundTo date, most vaccines, including the COVID-19 vaccine, are mainly administered by intramuscular injection, which might lead to vaccine hesitancy in some populations due to needle fear. Alternatively, needle-free immunization technology is extensively developed to improve the efficacy and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1192709/full |
| _version_ | 1797674114261975040 |
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| author | Haohang Wang Mingting Cui Shunran Li Fan Wu Shiqiang Jiang Hongbiao Chen Jianhui Yuan Caijun Sun Caijun Sun Caijun Sun |
| author_facet | Haohang Wang Mingting Cui Shunran Li Fan Wu Shiqiang Jiang Hongbiao Chen Jianhui Yuan Caijun Sun Caijun Sun Caijun Sun |
| author_sort | Haohang Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundTo date, most vaccines, including the COVID-19 vaccine, are mainly administered by intramuscular injection, which might lead to vaccine hesitancy in some populations due to needle fear. Alternatively, needle-free immunization technology is extensively developed to improve the efficacy and acceptance of vaccination. However, there is no study to report the perception and willingness toward various immunization routes of the COVID-19 vaccine in the general population.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted nationwide using an online questionnaire. Bivariate analyses were undertaken to assess variable associations among the participants who reported a hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 booster vaccination. Multivariable logistic regression with a backward step-wise approach was used to analyze the predicted factors associated with the willingness to receive the COVID-19 booster vaccination.ResultsA total of 3,244 valid respondents were included in this survey, and 63.2% of participants thought they had a good understanding of intramuscular injection, but only 20.7, 9.2, 9.4, and 6.0% of participants had a self-perceived good understanding of inhalation vaccine, nasal spray vaccine, oral vaccine, and microneedle patch vaccine. Correspondingly, there was high acceptance for intramuscular injection (76.5%), followed by oral inhalation (64.4%) and nasal spray (43.0%). Those participants who were only willing to receive an intramuscular vaccine had less vaccine knowledge (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.65–0.94) than those who were willing to receive a needle-free vaccine (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.52–2.57). Some factors were found to be associated with vaccine hesitancy toward booster COVID-19 vaccination.ConclusionNeedle-free vaccination is a promising technology for the next generation of vaccines, but we found that intramuscular injection was still the most acceptable immunization route in this survey. One major reason might be that most people lack knowledge about needle-free vaccination. We should strengthen the publicity of needle-free vaccination technology, and thus improve the acceptance and coverage of vaccination in different populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:54:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-21967d67d838441b9f5c4ca6a858b502 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:54:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-21967d67d838441b9f5c4ca6a858b5022023-09-26T04:41:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652023-09-011110.3389/fpubh.2023.11927091192709Perception and willingness toward various immunization routes for COVID-19 vaccines: a cross-sectional survey in ChinaHaohang Wang0Mingting Cui1Shunran Li2Fan Wu3Shiqiang Jiang4Hongbiao Chen5Jianhui Yuan6Caijun Sun7Caijun Sun8Caijun Sun9School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, ChinaSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, ChinaSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, ChinaSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, ChinaNanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease Control, Longhua Key Discipline of Public Health for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, Longhua Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, ChinaNanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, ChinaSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, ChinaSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, ChinaBackgroundTo date, most vaccines, including the COVID-19 vaccine, are mainly administered by intramuscular injection, which might lead to vaccine hesitancy in some populations due to needle fear. Alternatively, needle-free immunization technology is extensively developed to improve the efficacy and acceptance of vaccination. However, there is no study to report the perception and willingness toward various immunization routes of the COVID-19 vaccine in the general population.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted nationwide using an online questionnaire. Bivariate analyses were undertaken to assess variable associations among the participants who reported a hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 booster vaccination. Multivariable logistic regression with a backward step-wise approach was used to analyze the predicted factors associated with the willingness to receive the COVID-19 booster vaccination.ResultsA total of 3,244 valid respondents were included in this survey, and 63.2% of participants thought they had a good understanding of intramuscular injection, but only 20.7, 9.2, 9.4, and 6.0% of participants had a self-perceived good understanding of inhalation vaccine, nasal spray vaccine, oral vaccine, and microneedle patch vaccine. Correspondingly, there was high acceptance for intramuscular injection (76.5%), followed by oral inhalation (64.4%) and nasal spray (43.0%). Those participants who were only willing to receive an intramuscular vaccine had less vaccine knowledge (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.65–0.94) than those who were willing to receive a needle-free vaccine (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.52–2.57). Some factors were found to be associated with vaccine hesitancy toward booster COVID-19 vaccination.ConclusionNeedle-free vaccination is a promising technology for the next generation of vaccines, but we found that intramuscular injection was still the most acceptable immunization route in this survey. One major reason might be that most people lack knowledge about needle-free vaccination. We should strengthen the publicity of needle-free vaccination technology, and thus improve the acceptance and coverage of vaccination in different populations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1192709/fullCOVID-19 vaccineimmunization routeboosterneedle fearvaccine hesitancy |
| spellingShingle | Haohang Wang Mingting Cui Shunran Li Fan Wu Shiqiang Jiang Hongbiao Chen Jianhui Yuan Caijun Sun Caijun Sun Caijun Sun Perception and willingness toward various immunization routes for COVID-19 vaccines: a cross-sectional survey in China Frontiers in Public Health COVID-19 vaccine immunization route booster needle fear vaccine hesitancy |
| title | Perception and willingness toward various immunization routes for COVID-19 vaccines: a cross-sectional survey in China |
| title_full | Perception and willingness toward various immunization routes for COVID-19 vaccines: a cross-sectional survey in China |
| title_fullStr | Perception and willingness toward various immunization routes for COVID-19 vaccines: a cross-sectional survey in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Perception and willingness toward various immunization routes for COVID-19 vaccines: a cross-sectional survey in China |
| title_short | Perception and willingness toward various immunization routes for COVID-19 vaccines: a cross-sectional survey in China |
| title_sort | perception and willingness toward various immunization routes for covid 19 vaccines a cross sectional survey in china |
| topic | COVID-19 vaccine immunization route booster needle fear vaccine hesitancy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1192709/full |
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