Differential Expression of <i>HOX</i> Genes in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Osteoarthritic Patients Is Independent of Their Promoter Methylation
Skeletogenesis, remodeling, and maintenance in adult tissues are regulated by sequential activation of genes coding for specific transcription factors. The conserved Homeobox genes (<i>HOX</i>, in humans) are involved in several skeletal pathologies. Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized...
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MDPI AG
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/7/12/244 |
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| author | Arkaitz Mucientes Eva Herranz Enrique Moro Cristina Lajas Gloria Candelas Benjamín Fernández-Gutiérrez José Ramón Lamas |
| author_facet | Arkaitz Mucientes Eva Herranz Enrique Moro Cristina Lajas Gloria Candelas Benjamín Fernández-Gutiérrez José Ramón Lamas |
| author_sort | Arkaitz Mucientes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Skeletogenesis, remodeling, and maintenance in adult tissues are regulated by sequential activation of genes coding for specific transcription factors. The conserved Homeobox genes (<i>HOX</i>, in humans) are involved in several skeletal pathologies. Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by homeostatic alterations of cartilage and bone synthesis, resulting in cartilage destruction and increased bone formation. We postulate that alterations in <i>HOX</i> expression in Mesenchymal Stem cells (MSCs) are likely one of the causes explaining the homeostatic alterations in OA and that this altered expression could be the result of epigenetic regulation. The expression of <i>HOX</i> genes in osteoarthritic-derived MSCs was screened using PCR arrays. Epigenetic regulation of <i>HOX</i> was analyzed measuring the degree of DNA methylation in their promoters. We demonstrate the downregulated expression of <i>HOXA9</i> and <i>HOXC8</i> in OA-MSCs. However, their expression does not correlate with promoter methylation status, suggesting that other epigenetic mechanisms could be implicated in the regulation of <i>HOX</i> expression. Studies on the role of these genes under active differentiation conditions need to be addressed for a better knowledge of the mechanisms regulating the expression of <i>HOX</i>, to allow a better understanding of OA pathology and to define possible biomarkers for therapeutic treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:17:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-219d0440ea2a41ddaa390f07d0c455ad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:17:41Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-219d0440ea2a41ddaa390f07d0c455ad2023-08-02T05:25:28ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092018-12-0171224410.3390/cells7120244cells7120244Differential Expression of <i>HOX</i> Genes in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Osteoarthritic Patients Is Independent of Their Promoter MethylationArkaitz Mucientes0Eva Herranz1Enrique Moro2Cristina Lajas3Gloria Candelas4Benjamín Fernández-Gutiérrez5José Ramón Lamas6Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC). UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC). UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC). UGC de Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC). UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC). UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC). UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC). UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, SpainSkeletogenesis, remodeling, and maintenance in adult tissues are regulated by sequential activation of genes coding for specific transcription factors. The conserved Homeobox genes (<i>HOX</i>, in humans) are involved in several skeletal pathologies. Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by homeostatic alterations of cartilage and bone synthesis, resulting in cartilage destruction and increased bone formation. We postulate that alterations in <i>HOX</i> expression in Mesenchymal Stem cells (MSCs) are likely one of the causes explaining the homeostatic alterations in OA and that this altered expression could be the result of epigenetic regulation. The expression of <i>HOX</i> genes in osteoarthritic-derived MSCs was screened using PCR arrays. Epigenetic regulation of <i>HOX</i> was analyzed measuring the degree of DNA methylation in their promoters. We demonstrate the downregulated expression of <i>HOXA9</i> and <i>HOXC8</i> in OA-MSCs. However, their expression does not correlate with promoter methylation status, suggesting that other epigenetic mechanisms could be implicated in the regulation of <i>HOX</i> expression. Studies on the role of these genes under active differentiation conditions need to be addressed for a better knowledge of the mechanisms regulating the expression of <i>HOX</i>, to allow a better understanding of OA pathology and to define possible biomarkers for therapeutic treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/7/12/244osteoarthritis (OA)cartilagebone<i>HOX</i>homeoboxmesenchymal stem cellsepigeneticsmethylation |
| spellingShingle | Arkaitz Mucientes Eva Herranz Enrique Moro Cristina Lajas Gloria Candelas Benjamín Fernández-Gutiérrez José Ramón Lamas Differential Expression of <i>HOX</i> Genes in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Osteoarthritic Patients Is Independent of Their Promoter Methylation Cells osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage bone <i>HOX</i> homeobox mesenchymal stem cells epigenetics methylation |
| title | Differential Expression of <i>HOX</i> Genes in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Osteoarthritic Patients Is Independent of Their Promoter Methylation |
| title_full | Differential Expression of <i>HOX</i> Genes in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Osteoarthritic Patients Is Independent of Their Promoter Methylation |
| title_fullStr | Differential Expression of <i>HOX</i> Genes in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Osteoarthritic Patients Is Independent of Their Promoter Methylation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential Expression of <i>HOX</i> Genes in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Osteoarthritic Patients Is Independent of Their Promoter Methylation |
| title_short | Differential Expression of <i>HOX</i> Genes in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Osteoarthritic Patients Is Independent of Their Promoter Methylation |
| title_sort | differential expression of i hox i genes in mesenchymal stem cells from osteoarthritic patients is independent of their promoter methylation |
| topic | osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage bone <i>HOX</i> homeobox mesenchymal stem cells epigenetics methylation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/7/12/244 |
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